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Images of 'Hindoo' found, 947

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Angered by the Ocean's non-cooperation, Rāma attacked it with all the weapons at his command and the boiling sea eventually spewed up the appalled Ocean god in person, who advised him that he could not part the waves for him but that he should tell the monkey engineer Nala, the son of the divine architect ViÅ›vakarma, to build a bridge across the sea to Laṅkā. For five days the monkeys then heaved great stones and trees into the ocean to construct a bridge a hundred leagues in length. It is now complete and the monkeys cross over the bridge, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa again mounted on Hanumān and Aṅgada, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and his demons fly across above them. On the far side, demons look out from the walls of Laṅkā, while two monkeys spread out Rāma's tiger skin.

Angered by the Ocean's non-cooperation, Rāma attacked it with all the weapons at his command and the boiling sea eventually spewed up the appalled Ocean god in person, who advised him that he could not part the waves for him but that he should tell the monkey engineer Nala, the son of the divine architect ViÅ›vakarma, to build a bridge across the sea to Laṅkā. For five days the monkeys then heaved great stones and trees into the ocean to construct a bridge a hundred leagues in length. It is now complete and the monkeys cross over the bridge, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa again mounted on Hanumān and Aṅgada, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and his demons fly across above them. On the far side, demons look out from the walls of Laṅkā, while two monkeys spread out Rāma's tiger skin.

BL3306354

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1062044

Battle between Ravana and Rama who is being carried by Hanuman, the monkey king, scene from the Ramakien (Thai version of the Ramayana)

Battle between Ravana and Rama who is being carried by Hanuman, the monkey king, scene from the Ramakien (Thai version of the Ramayana)

BL3296269

Viswakarma. The interior of the chaitya hall of the 7th century Vishvakarma cave, the last important such chaitya hall made in western India, is divided into three aisles by 28 octagonal pillars with plain bracket capitals (omitted in the print). Above the columns there is a frieze of ganas, dwarf attendants and preaching Buddhas with Boddhisattvas. The vault of the ceiling is carved with ribs imitating a wooden structure. In the far end of the central nave there is a large seated Buddha in the teaching position carved on the front of the votive stupa, with attendant Bodhisattvas

Viswakarma. The interior of the chaitya hall of the 7th century Vishvakarma cave, the last important such chaitya hall made in western India, is divided into three aisles by 28 octagonal pillars with plain bracket capitals (omitted in the print). Above the columns there is a frieze of ganas, dwarf attendants and preaching Buddhas with Boddhisattvas. The vault of the ceiling is carved with ribs imitating a wooden structure. In the far end of the central nave there is a large seated Buddha in the teaching position carved on the front of the votive stupa, with attendant Bodhisattvas

BL3261184

Shatrughana departs Ayodhya to return to his kingdom. He is shown leaving the city accompanied by his attendants

Shatrughana departs Ayodhya to return to his kingdom. He is shown leaving the city accompanied by his attendants

BL3283233

A view of an Hindoo Temple erected in Melchet Park in the county of Wilts.

A view of an Hindoo Temple erected in Melchet Park in the county of Wilts.

BL3260361

Vishnu floating in a temple tank at Budhnilakanth

Vishnu floating in a temple tank at Budhnilakanth

BL3286312

The two chariots charge at one another, arrows flying. Rāvaṇa's horses have developed leonine heads, perhaps a reference to the sinister portents which again surround Rāvaṇa, while his serpent standard is drooping. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a has his eyes fixed firmly on Rāma's face and the solar standard above him, as he urges Rāma on.

The two chariots charge at one another, arrows flying. Rāvaṇa's horses have developed leonine heads, perhaps a reference to the sinister portents which again surround Rāvaṇa, while his serpent standard is drooping. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a has his eyes fixed firmly on Rāma's face and the solar standard above him, as he urges Rāma on.

BL3283147

Musical Instruments in the South Kensington Museum (engraving)

Musical Instruments in the South Kensington Museum (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1099515

A Sati or Widow-burning, 1831. A night scene with a full moon and dark trees in the background. The corpse is lying on the lighted funeral pyre with one wife stretched beside, while another is seen approaching. A trumpet is sounding and a number of spectators, including a mounted figure, fill the foreground

A Sati or Widow-burning, 1831. A night scene with a full moon and dark trees in the background. The corpse is lying on the lighted funeral pyre with one wife stretched beside, while another is seen approaching. A trumpet is sounding and a number of spectators, including a mounted figure, fill the foreground

BL3304418

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1045446

As yet more of the demons' champions have been slain by the monkey heroes, Indrajit is sent out once more by Rāvaṇa to do battle. He advances in his chariot invisibly, while the monkeys wield rocks and trees in vain, and Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa prepare. Other monkeys hide behind rocks or in a tree, terrified of the darkness which Indrajit has made cover the earth. Inscribed in the margin above the demon: Iá¹ƒdrajit.

As yet more of the demons' champions have been slain by the monkey heroes, Indrajit is sent out once more by Rāvaṇa to do battle. He advances in his chariot invisibly, while the monkeys wield rocks and trees in vain, and Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa prepare. Other monkeys hide behind rocks or in a tree, terrified of the darkness which Indrajit has made cover the earth. Inscribed in the margin above the demon: Iá¹ƒdrajit.

BL3283126

Hindoo temple near the Strand Road. People on an elephant. A man is shown with cattle. From Views Of Calcutta And Its Environs.

Hindoo temple near the Strand Road. People on an elephant. A man is shown with cattle. From Views Of Calcutta And Its Environs.

BL3304613

Add 15296 (2) f.44r, Rama seated on a seat of lotus petals in his cave, with Laksmana standing beside him, is overjoyed at seeing the vast army of monkeys that Sugriva has brought with him. Sugriva falls at Rama's feet and the monkey ministers also respectfully greet him. Sugriva tells him of the innumerable monkeys who will be available to assist him in searching for the place where Ravana has taken Sita

Add 15296 (2) f.44r, Rama seated on a seat of lotus petals in his cave, with Laksmana standing beside him, is overjoyed at seeing the vast army of monkeys that Sugriva has brought with him. Sugriva falls at Rama's feet and the monkey ministers also respectfully greet him. Sugriva tells him of the innumerable monkeys who will be available to assist him in searching for the place where Ravana has taken Sita

Indian School, (17th century)

BL3283059

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa are reunited with Bharata and Åšatrughna, who have kept Rāma's kingdom for him during the fourteen years of exile. The four brothers bathe, shave and dress themselves in a series of twelve compartments, ready for Rāma's coronation. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and the monkeys, still in human guise, put on gowns and tie their turbans, while the Puá¹£paka chariot flies off back to Kubera, the god of Wealth and its original master, from whom Rāvaṇa stole it.

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa are reunited with Bharata and Åšatrughna, who have kept Rāma's kingdom for him during the fourteen years of exile. The four brothers bathe, shave and dress themselves in a series of twelve compartments, ready for Rāma's coronation. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and the monkeys, still in human guise, put on gowns and tie their turbans, while the Puá¹£paka chariot flies off back to Kubera, the god of Wealth and its original master, from whom Rāvaṇa stole it.

BL3283159

Hanumān has reported back to Aṅgada and JÄmbavÄn about his discovery of Sītā and his exploits in Laṅkā. The monkey chiefs debate whether they should rescue Sītā themselves, but are dissuaded by JÄmbavÄn who says that that right belongs to Rāma alone. On their way back to SugrÄ«va's kingdom, they have come to the beautiful Madhuvana wood, looking for honey and fruits, which they consume while its guardian Dadhimukha, SugrÄ«va's maternal uncle, is attacked by Aṅgada in a drunken fury.

Hanumān has reported back to Aṅgada and JÄmbavÄn about his discovery of Sītā and his exploits in Laṅkā. The monkey chiefs debate whether they should rescue Sītā themselves, but are dissuaded by JÄmbavÄn who says that that right belongs to Rāma alone. On their way back to SugrÄ«va's kingdom, they have come to the beautiful Madhuvana wood, looking for honey and fruits, which they consume while its guardian Dadhimukha, SugrÄ«va's maternal uncle, is attacked by Aṅgada in a drunken fury.

BL3306348

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1044127

Sacrifice of a Hindoo Widow Upon the Funeral Pile of Her Husband (oil on canvas)

Sacrifice of a Hindoo Widow Upon the Funeral Pile of Her Husband (oil on canvas)

Zoffany, Johann (1733-1810)

CH2563461

Add 15296 (1) f.106r, Through his magic powers, Bharadvaja has conjured up a palace in a pleasure ground for the entertainment and refreshment of his guests. Bharadvaja and the other ascetics and Brahmins sit in the throne-room, while the two princes first sit beside the empty throne, allotted of course to the absent Rama, and then take their leave. Two chowrie-bearers fan the throne, while apsarases dance and play musical instruments outside, and others look on from the windows. To the right, the two princes, in clean garments, take their meal together, eaten off gold dishes on leaves, while the ministers and army-chiefs also have their meal on leaves.

Add 15296 (1) f.106r, Through his magic powers, Bharadvaja has conjured up a palace in a pleasure ground for the entertainment and refreshment of his guests. Bharadvaja and the other ascetics and Brahmins sit in the throne-room, while the two princes first sit beside the empty throne, allotted of course to the absent Rama, and then take their leave. Two chowrie-bearers fan the throne, while apsarases dance and play musical instruments outside, and others look on from the windows. To the right, the two princes, in clean garments, take their meal together, eaten off gold dishes on leaves, while the ministers and army-chiefs also have their meal on leaves.

Indian School, (17th century)

BL3283028

The gods, celestial beings, kings, rishis, royalty and common folk have all assembled to witness the vindication of Sītā. In front of the assembly, Sītā says that she has never ever thought of anyone but Rāma and that the Earth goddess MÄdhavÄ« should receive her if that be true. A miracle then occurs in front of all; a beautiful, celestial throne appears, supported by nÄgas. The Earth goddess welcomes Sītā on it, and they descend into the bowels of the earth. Sītā is declared virtuous and vindicated. BrahmÄ and the gods overhead witness the event.

The gods, celestial beings, kings, rishis, royalty and common folk have all assembled to witness the vindication of Sītā. In front of the assembly, Sītā says that she has never ever thought of anyone but Rāma and that the Earth goddess MÄdhavÄ« should receive her if that be true. A miracle then occurs in front of all; a beautiful, celestial throne appears, supported by nÄgas. The Earth goddess welcomes Sītā on it, and they descend into the bowels of the earth. Sītā is declared virtuous and vindicated. BrahmÄ and the gods overhead witness the event.

BL3283247

After many thousands of years of Rāma's righteous but lonely rule over the world, Death, in the form of an ascetic, visits Rāma and informs him of BrahmÄ's message: as Rāma has completed his mission and lived eleven thousand years as a mortal on earth, he can now proceed to the world of the gods in his role as Viá¹£á¹‡u, the Preserver. The ascetic wishes to speak privately with Rāma, and bids Rāma kill anyone who should interrupt their conversation or overhear their discourse. Rāma agrees and requests Lakṣmaṇa to stand guard while conversing with the ascetic. The ascetic is shown twice, on the left with Lakṣmaṇa, who ushers him into Rāma's presence (top right), and conversing privately with Rāma on the lower right.

After many thousands of years of Rāma's righteous but lonely rule over the world, Death, in the form of an ascetic, visits Rāma and informs him of BrahmÄ's message: as Rāma has completed his mission and lived eleven thousand years as a mortal on earth, he can now proceed to the world of the gods in his role as Viá¹£á¹‡u, the Preserver. The ascetic wishes to speak privately with Rāma, and bids Rāma kill anyone who should interrupt their conversation or overhear their discourse. Rāma agrees and requests Lakṣmaṇa to stand guard while conversing with the ascetic. The ascetic is shown twice, on the left with Lakṣmaṇa, who ushers him into Rāma's presence (top right), and conversing privately with Rāma on the lower right.

BL3283250

Ravana is shown aiming arrows at his adversary from the puspaka chariot, and Yama is shown fighting while riding on his vehicle, the buffalo. Brahma is painted between them riding in a celestial boat. Brahma intervenes in the battle and forbids Yama from killing Ravana as he has a boon

Ravana is shown aiming arrows at his adversary from the puspaka chariot, and Yama is shown fighting while riding on his vehicle, the buffalo. Brahma is painted between them riding in a celestial boat. Brahma intervenes in the battle and forbids Yama from killing Ravana as he has a boon

BL3283201

Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and their allies remain in council on the left, while on the right Rāvaṇa listens as his spies tell him of their adventures. Rāvaṇa then goes to theaśoka grove with the magician Vidyujjihva carrying a false head of Rāma to deceive Sītā into thinking he is dead. She faints in horror. Women look down compassionately from terraces above. Meanwhile, monkeys are encircling the city under orders to find out its strengths and weaknesses.

Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and their allies remain in council on the left, while on the right Rāvaṇa listens as his spies tell him of their adventures. Rāvaṇa then goes to theaśoka grove with the magician Vidyujjihva carrying a false head of Rāma to deceive Sītā into thinking he is dead. She faints in horror. Women look down compassionately from terraces above. Meanwhile, monkeys are encircling the city under orders to find out its strengths and weaknesses.

BL3283077

Having finally realised that this great monkey is no ordinary one as he has managed to slay all the ministers and the generals sent to capture him, Rāvaṇa has summoned his foremost son Indrajit and asked him to go into battle against Hanumān. Indrajit had previously acquired great magical powers and many of the celestial weapons presided over by the gods. He rushes to meet Hanumān in his battle chariot drawn by four tigers. He then fires his magic arrows at Hanumān, who manages to evade the worst and retaliates by hurling rocks and trees at his opponent. Indrajit finally unleashes the weapon that is under the power of the creator god BrahmÄ, represented here by the presence of the god himself. Hanumān decides that he has to allow himself to be captured as he wants to meet Rāvaṇa, and knows in any case that he is under the protection of the gods, so he falls on the ground motionless.

Having finally realised that this great monkey is no ordinary one as he has managed to slay all the ministers and the generals sent to capture him, Rāvaṇa has summoned his foremost son Indrajit and asked him to go into battle against Hanumān. Indrajit had previously acquired great magical powers and many of the celestial weapons presided over by the gods. He rushes to meet Hanumān in his battle chariot drawn by four tigers. He then fires his magic arrows at Hanumān, who manages to evade the worst and retaliates by hurling rocks and trees at his opponent. Indrajit finally unleashes the weapon that is under the power of the creator god BrahmÄ, represented here by the presence of the god himself. Hanumān decides that he has to allow himself to be captured as he wants to meet Rāvaṇa, and knows in any case that he is under the protection of the gods, so he falls on the ground motionless.

BL3306345

Hanumān then turns his attention to the temple and destroys it. Rāvaṇa in his rage sends out JambumÄlin, the son of his minister Prahasta, to no avail. Hanumān now slays the ministers' sons and their armies, who lie in a heap tangled up with their chariots and horses. One man escapes by a door into the city.

Hanumān then turns his attention to the temple and destroys it. Rāvaṇa in his rage sends out JambumÄlin, the son of his minister Prahasta, to no avail. Hanumān now slays the ministers' sons and their armies, who lie in a heap tangled up with their chariots and horses. One man escapes by a door into the city.

BL3306343

Rāvaṇa gives orders (above) to his remaining brothers and ministers and then sets out in his chariot with what remains of his army, with MahÄpÄrÅ›va, Mahodara and VirūpÄká¹£a also in their chariots. SugrÄ«va leads the advance of the monkeys on Rāvaṇa, wielding trees. Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a wait in reserve with Aṅgada.

Rāvaṇa gives orders (above) to his remaining brothers and ministers and then sets out in his chariot with what remains of his army, with MahÄpÄrÅ›va, Mahodara and VirūpÄká¹£a also in their chariots. SugrÄ«va leads the advance of the monkeys on Rāvaṇa, wielding trees. Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a wait in reserve with Aṅgada.

BL3283138

A Ceylon Shave, the Hindoo caste have the head shaved in curious shapes, such as that seen on the barber (b/w photo)

A Ceylon Shave, the Hindoo caste have the head shaved in curious shapes, such as that seen on the barber (b/w photo)

English Photographer, (19th century)

LLM3652828

Hindoo dancing girls, probably at Secunderabad. A group standing with a drummer, and two girls bent over backwards with their hands touching the ground behind them

Hindoo dancing girls, probably at Secunderabad. A group standing with a drummer, and two girls bent over backwards with their hands touching the ground behind them

BL3289319

Hindoo Mut in the Chitpore Bazaar. People in huts in front of a temple. From Views Of Calcutta And Its Environs.

Hindoo Mut in the Chitpore Bazaar. People in huts in front of a temple. From Views Of Calcutta And Its Environs.

BL3304606

Hanumān has flown to the Himalaya mountains, full of the holy retreats of the ascetics and the abode of the gods, its peaks covered in plants and streams rushing down them to the river at their feet. The magical herbs, knowing that Hanumān has come to gather them, have made themselves invisible. But Hanumān, in his anger at being thwarted, simply breaks off the peak of the medicinal herb mountain and flies with it back to Laṅkā.

Hanumān has flown to the Himalaya mountains, full of the holy retreats of the ascetics and the abode of the gods, its peaks covered in plants and streams rushing down them to the river at their feet. The magical herbs, knowing that Hanumān has come to gather them, have made themselves invisible. But Hanumān, in his anger at being thwarted, simply breaks off the peak of the medicinal herb mountain and flies with it back to Laṅkā.

BL3283118

The Funeral of the Queen of Oude (engraving)

The Funeral of the Queen of Oude (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP2771331

The monkeys continue to hurl themselves at Kumbhakará¹‡a, who has some still under his arm but is crushing others with his other hand and beneath his feet. Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a still advance on him with their bows and arrows.

The monkeys continue to hurl themselves at Kumbhakará¹‡a, who has some still under his arm but is crushing others with his other hand and beneath his feet. Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a still advance on him with their bows and arrows.

BL3283107

Races of the World (chromolitho)

Races of the World (chromolitho)

English School, (19th century)

LLM1094574

The Puá¹£paka chariot flies over the Citrakūṭa mountain, with Rāma pointing it out to Sītā, and then lands at the hermitage of BharadvÄja on the banks of the YamunÄ. BharadvÄja and various sages as well as the monkey chiefs, who have now assumed human guise, are seated with the exiles and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a. Their arrival at BharadvÄja's hermitage marks officially the end of the fourteen years of exile.

The Puá¹£paka chariot flies over the Citrakūṭa mountain, with Rāma pointing it out to Sītā, and then lands at the hermitage of BharadvÄja on the banks of the YamunÄ. BharadvÄja and various sages as well as the monkey chiefs, who have now assumed human guise, are seated with the exiles and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a. Their arrival at BharadvÄja's hermitage marks officially the end of the fourteen years of exile.

BL3283156

Add 15296 (2) f.49r, Rama, Laksmana and Sugriva are seated on a rocky eminence. Sugriva divides his vast forces into four and sends them out to search the four quarters for Sita. To each troop leader he describes the terrain that they will be encountering on their journey. Sugriva sends Hanuman, along with his nephew Angada and Jambavan, the king of the bears, to search the southern region, the most promising quarter, and, sure that the sagacious and mighty monkey Hanuman will locate Sita, Rama gives him his ring as a token that Hanuman is his messenger. Around them monkeys spring forth to the other three quarters.

Add 15296 (2) f.49r, Rama, Laksmana and Sugriva are seated on a rocky eminence. Sugriva divides his vast forces into four and sends them out to search the four quarters for Sita. To each troop leader he describes the terrain that they will be encountering on their journey. Sugriva sends Hanuman, along with his nephew Angada and Jambavan, the king of the bears, to search the southern region, the most promising quarter, and, sure that the sagacious and mighty monkey Hanuman will locate Sita, Rama gives him his ring as a token that Hanuman is his messenger. Around them monkeys spring forth to the other three quarters.

Indian School, (17th century)

BL3283060

Rāvaṇa is overwhelmed by grief (all his heads in profile) on hearing of his last remaining son's death. Then furious with rage, he rushes with his upraised sword at Sītā, who calmly awaits her fate seated in her grove, but he is restrained by his minister SupÄrÅ›va. In order to intimidate Rāma for his own going forth on the morrow, he decides to send out his army yet again to the accompaniment of war-drums and trumpets being beaten and blown, while his own bow is made ready.

Rāvaṇa is overwhelmed by grief (all his heads in profile) on hearing of his last remaining son's death. Then furious with rage, he rushes with his upraised sword at Sītā, who calmly awaits her fate seated in her grove, but he is restrained by his minister SupÄrÅ›va. In order to intimidate Rāma for his own going forth on the morrow, he decides to send out his army yet again to the accompaniment of war-drums and trumpets being beaten and blown, while his own bow is made ready.

BL3283128

Rāvaṇa now prepares himself for a final great effort. According to Rajput traditions, having taken a bath within his qanÄts, he emerges clad in golden armour, strewn with flowers and mounts his battle chariot drawn by eight white horses and covered by his imperial parasol. Chowrie (fly-whisk) bearers, Brahmins, trumpet blowers and drummers salute him as he sets out with his troops, prepared to conquer or die.

Rāvaṇa now prepares himself for a final great effort. According to Rajput traditions, having taken a bath within his qanÄts, he emerges clad in golden armour, strewn with flowers and mounts his battle chariot drawn by eight white horses and covered by his imperial parasol. Chowrie (fly-whisk) bearers, Brahmins, trumpet blowers and drummers salute him as he sets out with his troops, prepared to conquer or die.

BL3283137

Add 15296 (2) f.5r, Hanuman now brings Rama and Laksmana into the presence of Sugriva on the mountain. Rama and Sugriva clasp hands in token of their vow of friendship, watched by Laksmana and the other monkeys; and then, in a similar spirit, the two walk round a fire kindled by Hanuman. Branches of flowering trees are spread on the mountain top and there the two brothers and Sugriva and his advisers promise each other help: Sugriva to recover his kingdom and wife, both stolen by Bali, and Rama to recover his own abducted wife.

Add 15296 (2) f.5r, Hanuman now brings Rama and Laksmana into the presence of Sugriva on the mountain. Rama and Sugriva clasp hands in token of their vow of friendship, watched by Laksmana and the other monkeys; and then, in a similar spirit, the two walk round a fire kindled by Hanuman. Branches of flowering trees are spread on the mountain top and there the two brothers and Sugriva and his advisers promise each other help: Sugriva to recover his kingdom and wife, both stolen by Bali, and Rama to recover his own abducted wife.

Indian School, (17th century)

BL3283039

Add 15296 (2) f.14r, Sugriva and his allies have come to Bali's palace at Kiskindha. Sugriva roars his challenge to such effect that the birds fall out of the sky in fright. Bali, his queen Tara and his ministers have emerged on hearing the uproar. The wise queen advises Bali not to fight, having heard that Sugriva has found assistance from the two Iksvaku princes, and to make peace with his brother, but Bali chooses to ignore her.

Add 15296 (2) f.14r, Sugriva and his allies have come to Bali's palace at Kiskindha. Sugriva roars his challenge to such effect that the birds fall out of the sky in fright. Bali, his queen Tara and his ministers have emerged on hearing the uproar. The wise queen advises Bali not to fight, having heard that Sugriva has found assistance from the two Iksvaku princes, and to make peace with his brother, but Bali chooses to ignore her.

Indian School, (17th century)

BL3283043

Rāma sends Hanumān to VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a in the city to tell him to bring Sītā suitably adorned into his presence. Women bring her dresses and jewels. Sītā is brought to Rāma in a palanquin by Hanumān and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and his demons. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a attempts to drive off the crowd so that Sītā should not be seen by strangers, but disguising his happiness Rāma says it is not forbidden to look on a woman who has fallen into distress. Many monkeys clamber up on the hill to see Sītā emerge from her palanquin. Rāma repudiates her: she has lived in another man's house and hence it would not be fitting for him to take her back. Grief-stricken, she replies that it is not possible for her to live without Rāma and asks Lakṣmaṇa to prepare a funeral pyre for her to test her chastity.

Rāma sends Hanumān to VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a in the city to tell him to bring Sītā suitably adorned into his presence. Women bring her dresses and jewels. Sītā is brought to Rāma in a palanquin by Hanumān and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and his demons. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a attempts to drive off the crowd so that Sītā should not be seen by strangers, but disguising his happiness Rāma says it is not forbidden to look on a woman who has fallen into distress. Many monkeys clamber up on the hill to see Sītā emerge from her palanquin. Rāma repudiates her: she has lived in another man's house and hence it would not be fitting for him to take her back. Grief-stricken, she replies that it is not possible for her to live without Rāma and asks Lakṣmaṇa to prepare a funeral pyre for her to test her chastity.

BL3283157

On the left, Dhanada (Vaisravana), Lord of Wealth, in his palace on Mount Kailasa, asks Manibhadra, the prince of the Yakshas, to fight the demons. Manibhadra is shown as a giant with joined hands. The right section depicts the battle between Ravana and Manibhadra

On the left, Dhanada (Vaisravana), Lord of Wealth, in his palace on Mount Kailasa, asks Manibhadra, the prince of the Yakshas, to fight the demons. Manibhadra is shown as a giant with joined hands. The right section depicts the battle between Ravana and Manibhadra

BL3283188

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1041423

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1044637

The royal procession enters AyodhyÄ in triumph. Rāma and Sītā are in one carriage and the three brothers in another, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and the allied chiefs all ride on elephants. The procession arrives at the palace through the bazaar with its festive hangings and with bowing shopkeepers. They are met at the gates of the zenana by ladies and, inside the queens' quarters, the four brothers and Sītā bow before KausalyÄ, Kaikeyī and SumitrÄ. Even Kaikeyī is forgiven.

The royal procession enters AyodhyÄ in triumph. Rāma and Sītā are in one carriage and the three brothers in another, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and the allied chiefs all ride on elephants. The procession arrives at the palace through the bazaar with its festive hangings and with bowing shopkeepers. They are met at the gates of the zenana by ladies and, inside the queens' quarters, the four brothers and Sītā bow before KausalyÄ, Kaikeyī and SumitrÄ. Even Kaikeyī is forgiven.

BL3283161

Carpets (engraving)

Carpets (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LLM5221721

Brahma seated with Saraswati Brahma holding the Four Vedas and Saraswai Clutching a Lotus Petal, c.1650 (gouache)

Brahma seated with Saraswati Brahma holding the Four Vedas and Saraswai Clutching a Lotus Petal, c.1650 (gouache)

Bundi School (17th century)

CH1766436

Illuminated frontispiece of the Dasam Granth, a scripture of Sikhism containing many of the texts attributed to tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708).

Illuminated frontispiece of the Dasam Granth, a scripture of Sikhism containing many of the texts attributed to tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708).

BL3274455

Krishna and Yashoda, (gouache on paper)

Krishna and Yashoda, (gouache on paper)

Jaminy (or Jamini) Roy (1887-1972)

CH1198462

Illuminated frontispiece of the Dasam Granth, a scripture of Sikhism containing many of the texts attributed to tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708).

Illuminated frontispiece of the Dasam Granth, a scripture of Sikhism containing many of the texts attributed to tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708).

BL3297436

VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and Hanumān are battling with Indrajit, but then leave him to Lakṣmaṇa. The two hurl everything they can at each other. Lakṣmaṇa's arrows slay Indrajit's charioteer and pierce his horses, which are jumped on by the monkeys to force Indrajit to dismount. The two battle on, until finally Indrajit's head is severed from his body by Lakṣmaṇa's most fomidable arrow. Divine beings rain flowers down on Lakṣmaṇa. A calm and grave Rāma, seated with SugrÄ«va, Aṅgada and JÄmbavÄn, awaits the outcome of the battle.

VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a and Hanumān are battling with Indrajit, but then leave him to Lakṣmaṇa. The two hurl everything they can at each other. Lakṣmaṇa's arrows slay Indrajit's charioteer and pierce his horses, which are jumped on by the monkeys to force Indrajit to dismount. The two battle on, until finally Indrajit's head is severed from his body by Lakṣmaṇa's most fomidable arrow. Divine beings rain flowers down on Lakṣmaṇa. A calm and grave Rāma, seated with SugrÄ«va, Aṅgada and JÄmbavÄn, awaits the outcome of the battle.

BL3283131

The City of Delhi before the Siege (engraving)

The City of Delhi before the Siege (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1609318

Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a then attack Rāvaṇa. Lakṣmaṇa cuts off the head of his charioteer with his arrow, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, with his club, kills Rāvaṇa's horses. Rāvaṇa looses a great spear at VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, which Lakṣmaṇa destroys, but he in turn falls victim to another of Rāvaṇa's spears, which pierces his chest and goes into the earth. Monkeys unsuccessfully try to pull it out, which Rāma does, offstage here. Rāma swears a solemn oath that this day Rāvaṇa will perish, and his hail of fearsome arrows then drives the terrified Rāvaṇa off the field. Rāma returns to the stricken Lakṣmaṇa and, after lamenting over the fallen hero, he and Suá¹£eá¹‡a discuss his condition. They decide to send Hanumān to the Himalayas once more. Divine beings rain flowers on the heroes.

Lakṣmaṇa and VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a then attack Rāvaṇa. Lakṣmaṇa cuts off the head of his charioteer with his arrow, while VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, with his club, kills Rāvaṇa's horses. Rāvaṇa looses a great spear at VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, which Lakṣmaṇa destroys, but he in turn falls victim to another of Rāvaṇa's spears, which pierces his chest and goes into the earth. Monkeys unsuccessfully try to pull it out, which Rāma does, offstage here. Rāma swears a solemn oath that this day Rāvaṇa will perish, and his hail of fearsome arrows then drives the terrified Rāvaṇa off the field. Rāma returns to the stricken Lakṣmaṇa and, after lamenting over the fallen hero, he and Suá¹£eá¹‡a discuss his condition. They decide to send Hanumān to the Himalayas once more. Divine beings rain flowers on the heroes.

BL3283142

For seven days and seven nights the conflict between the two rages. Rāma's arrows cut off each of Rāvaṇa's heads in turn, only to see them grow again, and Rāma is despairing of ever finding a weapon that will finish the demon forever. MÄtali, his charioteer, then reminds Rāma to use his BrahmÄ weapon, which he fires while reciting the required sacred formulae. This weapon pierces Rāvaṇa's breast and comes out the other side, before returning submissively to Rāma's quiver. Rāvaṇa finally falls lifeless from his chariot. The celestials rejoice and the surviving demons depart. Rāma receives the homage of VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, whom he consoles on the death of his brother, and that of all the monkey leaders and JÄmbavÄn.

For seven days and seven nights the conflict between the two rages. Rāma's arrows cut off each of Rāvaṇa's heads in turn, only to see them grow again, and Rāma is despairing of ever finding a weapon that will finish the demon forever. MÄtali, his charioteer, then reminds Rāma to use his BrahmÄ weapon, which he fires while reciting the required sacred formulae. This weapon pierces Rāvaṇa's breast and comes out the other side, before returning submissively to Rāma's quiver. Rāvaṇa finally falls lifeless from his chariot. The celestials rejoice and the surviving demons depart. Rāma receives the homage of VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a, whom he consoles on the death of his brother, and that of all the monkey leaders and JÄmbavÄn.

BL3283148

Hanumān lands with his mountain peak just outside the walls of Laṅkā and various monkeys start to explore it. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a seems to be making a herbal poultice, while Suá¹£eá¹‡a holds a magical healing herb under Lakṣmaṇa's nose, which cures him miraculously. Lakṣmaṇa arises and he and Rāma embrace. Rāma tells him that neither Sītā, nor victory, nor life itself would hold any meaning for him without his brother, but Lakṣmaṇa reproves him: it is his duty to slay Rāvaṇa that very day and recover his wife. Demons run to tell Rāvaṇa in his palace of Hanumān 's arrival.

Hanumān lands with his mountain peak just outside the walls of Laṅkā and various monkeys start to explore it. VibhÄ«á¹£aá¹‡a seems to be making a herbal poultice, while Suá¹£eá¹‡a holds a magical healing herb under Lakṣmaṇa's nose, which cures him miraculously. Lakṣmaṇa arises and he and Rāma embrace. Rāma tells him that neither Sītā, nor victory, nor life itself would hold any meaning for him without his brother, but Lakṣmaṇa reproves him: it is his duty to slay Rāvaṇa that very day and recover his wife. Demons run to tell Rāvaṇa in his palace of Hanumān 's arrival.

BL3283146

Sukesha's sons decide to proceed into battle against the Gods. They are shown conferring with each other in the palace in Lanka in the right section of the painting. The left section depicts them mounted on their battle steeds of horses, fish, snakes, leopards, tigers and elephants marching out of Lanka ready to proceed to Devaloka (home of the Gods) to fight Vishnu and his army

Sukesha's sons decide to proceed into battle against the Gods. They are shown conferring with each other in the palace in Lanka in the right section of the painting. The left section depicts them mounted on their battle steeds of horses, fish, snakes, leopards, tigers and elephants marching out of Lanka ready to proceed to Devaloka (home of the Gods) to fight Vishnu and his army

BL3283178

The monkeys set fire to Laṅkā, to its mansions, gateways and public buildings, destroying their fabric and contents. Laṅkā's inhabitants are roused from their dining tables or their beds and flee in terror. Elephants and horses run down to the sea, while courtesans run hither and thither. As the demons flee, they are attacked by the monkeys. Rāma and his allies look on and then stir themselves into action.

The monkeys set fire to Laṅkā, to its mansions, gateways and public buildings, destroying their fabric and contents. Laṅkā's inhabitants are roused from their dining tables or their beds and flee in terror. Elephants and horses run down to the sea, while courtesans run hither and thither. As the demons flee, they are attacked by the monkeys. Rāma and his allies look on and then stir themselves into action.

BL3283117

The Ganges at Benares, (oil on canvas)

The Ganges at Benares, (oil on canvas)

Weeks, Edwin Lord (1849-1903)

CH827169

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

Page of Advertisements (engraving)

English School, (19th century)

LIP1045525

The Puá¹£paka chariot next flies over Åšá¹›á¹…gaverapura, where resides Guha, king of the Niá¹£Ädas. Rāma tells Hanumān to adopt human guise to tell Guha and then Bharata the news of Rāma's return. Hanumān arrives at the palace at NandigRāma outside AyodhyÄ where Bharata and Åšatrughna, clad in hermit's clothes like their brothers, sit and wait by the throne on which are placed Rāma's sandals. Hanumān tells them that Rāma's exile is over and relates all that has happened to them.

The Puá¹£paka chariot next flies over Åšá¹›á¹…gaverapura, where resides Guha, king of the Niá¹£Ädas. Rāma tells Hanumān to adopt human guise to tell Guha and then Bharata the news of Rāma's return. Hanumān arrives at the palace at NandigRāma outside AyodhyÄ where Bharata and Åšatrughna, clad in hermit's clothes like their brothers, sit and wait by the throne on which are placed Rāma's sandals. Hanumān tells them that Rāma's exile is over and relates all that has happened to them.

BL3283158

First edition of Richard Francis Burton's, 'The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana', 1883 (red half calf, red morocco clamshell case, miniature)

First edition of Richard Francis Burton's, 'The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana', 1883 (red half calf, red morocco clamshell case, miniature)

English School, (19th century)

CH1195414

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