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Irregular Galaxy of the Little Magellan Cloud (NGC 292) - The Small Magellanic Cloud - The galaxy of the Little Magellan Cloud is about 240,000 light years from Earth in the southern constellation of Toucan. It's one of the closest galaxies of the Lactee Way. Infrared image obtained by Spitzer space telescope. This infrared portrait of the Small Magellanic Cloud, taken by Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope, reveals the stars and dust in this galaxy as never seen before. The Small Magellanic Cloud is a nearby satellite galaxy to our Milky Way galaxy, approximately 200,000 light - years away. The image shows the main body of the Small Magellanic Cloud, which is comprised of the “” bar”” on the left and a “” wing”” extending to the right. The bar contains both old stars (in blue) and young stars lighting up their natal dust (green/red). The wing mainly contains young stars. In addition, the image contains a galactic globular cluster in the lower left (blue cluster of stars) and emission from

Irregular Galaxy of the Little Magellan Cloud (NGC 292) - The Small Magellanic Cloud - The galaxy of the Little Magellan Cloud is about 240,000 light years from Earth in the southern constellation of Toucan. It's one of the closest galaxies of the Lactee Way. Infrared image obtained by Spitzer space telescope. This infrared portrait of the Small Magellanic Cloud, taken by Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope, reveals the stars and dust in this galaxy as never seen before. The Small Magellanic Cloud is a nearby satellite galaxy to our Milky Way galaxy, approximately 200,000 light - years away. The image shows the main body of the Small Magellanic Cloud, which is comprised of the “” bar”” on the left and a “” wing”” extending to the right. The bar contains both old stars (in blue) and young stars lighting up their natal dust (green/red). The wing mainly contains young stars. In addition, the image contains a galactic globular cluster in the lower left (blue cluster of stars) and emission from

PIX4613420

Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) in visible and infrared - Galaxy Centaurus A in visible and infrared - The galaxy NGC 5128 is about 13 million years away - light from Earth. This an elliptical galaxy that cannibalized a small spiral galaxy. The infrared image, on the right, reveals the complex structure of the central dust strip. Images obtained on the left by Cerro Tololo's 4m telescope and on the right by the Spitzer space telescope. Centaurus A (NGC 5128) is the nearest active galaxy to Earth. Located 13 million light - years away in the southern constellation Centaurus, 'Cen A' appears to be the result of a merger - collision between a large elliptical galaxy (which has a black hole at its center) and a smaller spiral galaxy that veered too close to the larger one, resulting in the cannabalization of the small galaxy. The visible image (left) from the National Science Foundation's Blanco 4 - meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter - American Observatory in Chile is dominated by a brigh

Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) in visible and infrared - Galaxy Centaurus A in visible and infrared - The galaxy NGC 5128 is about 13 million years away - light from Earth. This an elliptical galaxy that cannibalized a small spiral galaxy. The infrared image, on the right, reveals the complex structure of the central dust strip. Images obtained on the left by Cerro Tololo's 4m telescope and on the right by the Spitzer space telescope. Centaurus A (NGC 5128) is the nearest active galaxy to Earth. Located 13 million light - years away in the southern constellation Centaurus, 'Cen A' appears to be the result of a merger - collision between a large elliptical galaxy (which has a black hole at its center) and a smaller spiral galaxy that veered too close to the larger one, resulting in the cannabalization of the small galaxy. The visible image (left) from the National Science Foundation's Blanco 4 - meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter - American Observatory in Chile is dominated by a brigh

PIX4612203

Black hole collision in NGC 6240 - Black holes colliding in NGC 6240 - The galaxy NGC 6240, is located about 400 million light years away from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus. This system consists of two colliding galaxies each with a central black hole; in several millions of years, they will form only one galaxy. A composite X-ray image (red, orange and yellow) and visible from the space telescopes Chandra and Hubble. This image of NGC 6240 contains X - ray data from Chandra (shown in red, orange, and yellow) that has been combined with an optical image from the Hubble Space Telescope. In 2002, the discovery of two merging black holes was announced based on Chandra data in this galaxy. The two black holes are a mere 3,000 light years apart and are seen as the bright point - like sources in the middle of the image. Scientists think these black holes are in such close proximity because they are in the midst of spiraling toward each other - a process that began about 30 million yea

Black hole collision in NGC 6240 - Black holes colliding in NGC 6240 - The galaxy NGC 6240, is located about 400 million light years away from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus. This system consists of two colliding galaxies each with a central black hole; in several millions of years, they will form only one galaxy. A composite X-ray image (red, orange and yellow) and visible from the space telescopes Chandra and Hubble. This image of NGC 6240 contains X - ray data from Chandra (shown in red, orange, and yellow) that has been combined with an optical image from the Hubble Space Telescope. In 2002, the discovery of two merging black holes was announced based on Chandra data in this galaxy. The two black holes are a mere 3,000 light years apart and are seen as the bright point - like sources in the middle of the image. Scientists think these black holes are in such close proximity because they are in the midst of spiraling toward each other - a process that began about 30 million yea

PIX4612910

Nebula NGC 3372 in the Carene - Carina nebula NGC 3372 - The Carene nebula is located about 7500 years from the Earth. It is home to many hot stars, including the massive star Eta Carinae at the bottom left of the image, the clusters of young stars Trumpler 14 (above the right of eta carinae) and Collinder 228 (below eta carinae). Image obtained by the 2.2m ESO/MPG telescope of the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Colour - composite image of the Carina Nebula, revealing exquisite details in the stars and dust of the region. Several well known astronomical objects can be seen in this wide field image: to the bottom left of the image is one of the most impressive binary stars in the Universe, Eta Carinae, with the famous Keyhole Nebula just adjacent to the star. The collection of very bright, young stars above and to the right of Eta Carinae is the open star cluster Trumpler 14. A second open star cluster, Collinder 228 is also seen in the image, just below Eta Carinae. North is up and Eas

Nebula NGC 3372 in the Carene - Carina nebula NGC 3372 - The Carene nebula is located about 7500 years from the Earth. It is home to many hot stars, including the massive star Eta Carinae at the bottom left of the image, the clusters of young stars Trumpler 14 (above the right of eta carinae) and Collinder 228 (below eta carinae). Image obtained by the 2.2m ESO/MPG telescope of the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Colour - composite image of the Carina Nebula, revealing exquisite details in the stars and dust of the region. Several well known astronomical objects can be seen in this wide field image: to the bottom left of the image is one of the most impressive binary stars in the Universe, Eta Carinae, with the famous Keyhole Nebula just adjacent to the star. The collection of very bright, young stars above and to the right of Eta Carinae is the open star cluster Trumpler 14. A second open star cluster, Collinder 228 is also seen in the image, just below Eta Carinae. North is up and Eas

PIX4619045

The Lagoon nebula (M8) without stars - The Lagoon nebula (M8) with stars removed - In this image, the stars were removed by computer processing. Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, M8 is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion Nebula. This image was processed to remove the stars so the incredible complex of dark and light nebulosity could more easily be seen. M8 is an amazing stellar nursery. Hot young stars that formed out of the hydrogen gas in the nebula cause it to glow in the light of ionized hydrogen at the hydrogen - alpha wavelength of 656nm. The Lagoon Nebula gets its name from the d

The Lagoon nebula (M8) without stars - The Lagoon nebula (M8) with stars removed - In this image, the stars were removed by computer processing. Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, M8 is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion Nebula. This image was processed to remove the stars so the incredible complex of dark and light nebulosity could more easily be seen. M8 is an amazing stellar nursery. Hot young stars that formed out of the hydrogen gas in the nebula cause it to glow in the light of ionized hydrogen at the hydrogen - alpha wavelength of 656nm. The Lagoon Nebula gets its name from the d

Jerry Lodriguss

PIX4619678

Nebula NGC 6334 in the Scorpion - The 'reddened' nebulosity of NGC 6334 - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. The star - forming nebula NGC 6334 shows no evidence of a blue component in their colour - indeed, the blue - light plate used in these 3 - colour pictures had no nebulous image at all - nor is there any obvious sign of the bright blue stars normally found in these objects. They are excellent examples of the phenomenon known as 'interstellar reddening', the selective removal of blue light by minute particles of dust in the line of sight. This accounts for both the ruddy hue and apparent absence of blue stars. The hot stars are present but only some of the red part of their light is seen so they are not conspicuous. This nebula is quite nearby (5500 light years) but located close to the Galactic plane and are buried in the dust of the Milky Way. Careful measurement of the colour

Nebula NGC 6334 in the Scorpion - The 'reddened' nebulosity of NGC 6334 - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. The star - forming nebula NGC 6334 shows no evidence of a blue component in their colour - indeed, the blue - light plate used in these 3 - colour pictures had no nebulous image at all - nor is there any obvious sign of the bright blue stars normally found in these objects. They are excellent examples of the phenomenon known as 'interstellar reddening', the selective removal of blue light by minute particles of dust in the line of sight. This accounts for both the ruddy hue and apparent absence of blue stars. The hot stars are present but only some of the red part of their light is seen so they are not conspicuous. This nebula is quite nearby (5500 light years) but located close to the Galactic plane and are buried in the dust of the Milky Way. Careful measurement of the colour

PIX4619360

Spiral galaxy M81 seen by the Hubble space telescope - Spiral galaxy M81 in Ursa Major - The spiral galaxy M81 is located 12 million years ago - light from Earth. Its arms are home to star-forming regions, while its core is surrounded by much older yellow stars and a black hole. Image obtained by the Hubble space telescope with the ACS camera in 2006. Although the M81 galaxy is 11.6 million light - years away, this image taken by the Hubble space telescope is so sharp that it can resolve individual stars, along with open star clusters, globular star clusters, and even glowing regions of fluorescent gas. The spiral arms, which wind all the way down into the nucleus, are made up of young, bluish, hot stars formed in the past few million years. They also host a population of stars formed in an episode of star formation that started about 600 million years ago. The greenish regions are dense areas of bright star formation. The ultraviolet light from hot young stars are fluorescing the surr

Spiral galaxy M81 seen by the Hubble space telescope - Spiral galaxy M81 in Ursa Major - The spiral galaxy M81 is located 12 million years ago - light from Earth. Its arms are home to star-forming regions, while its core is surrounded by much older yellow stars and a black hole. Image obtained by the Hubble space telescope with the ACS camera in 2006. Although the M81 galaxy is 11.6 million light - years away, this image taken by the Hubble space telescope is so sharp that it can resolve individual stars, along with open star clusters, globular star clusters, and even glowing regions of fluorescent gas. The spiral arms, which wind all the way down into the nucleus, are made up of young, bluish, hot stars formed in the past few million years. They also host a population of stars formed in an episode of star formation that started about 600 million years ago. The greenish regions are dense areas of bright star formation. The ultraviolet light from hot young stars are fluorescing the surr

PIX4610340

Nebula of the Rosette in the Unicorn seen in false colors - Rosette nebula in Monoceros - The nebula of the Rosette is a vast cloud of dust and gas situated about 5500 years - light from the Earth. In the center of the nebula, a cluster of blue stars, NGC 2244, formed less than a million years ago. Image in false colors obtained by Kitt Peak's 90 cm telescope. The Rosetta Nebula is a vast cloud of dust and gas, extending over an area of more than 1 degree across, or about 5 times the area covered by the full moon. Its parts have been assigned different NGC numbers: 2237, 2238, 2239, and 2246. Within the nebula, open star cluster NGC 2244 is situated, consisted of the young stars which recently formed from the nebula's material, and the brightest of which make the nebula shine by exciting its atoms to emit radiation. This stunning emission - line image of the Rosette nebula (NGC2237) in the constellation Monoceros (the Unicorn) was taken at the National Science Foundation's 0.9 - m tele

Nebula of the Rosette in the Unicorn seen in false colors - Rosette nebula in Monoceros - The nebula of the Rosette is a vast cloud of dust and gas situated about 5500 years - light from the Earth. In the center of the nebula, a cluster of blue stars, NGC 2244, formed less than a million years ago. Image in false colors obtained by Kitt Peak's 90 cm telescope. The Rosetta Nebula is a vast cloud of dust and gas, extending over an area of more than 1 degree across, or about 5 times the area covered by the full moon. Its parts have been assigned different NGC numbers: 2237, 2238, 2239, and 2246. Within the nebula, open star cluster NGC 2244 is situated, consisted of the young stars which recently formed from the nebula's material, and the brightest of which make the nebula shine by exciting its atoms to emit radiation. This stunning emission - line image of the Rosette nebula (NGC2237) in the constellation Monoceros (the Unicorn) was taken at the National Science Foundation's 0.9 - m tele

PIX4618453

Circumpolar in Ecuador - Star Trail from the Equator (Ecuador) - Star line taken from Ecuador, Ecuador. 10 hours of cumulative poses show us more than 90% of all the visible sky (the remaining 10% are drowned in solar light). A shooting star indicates the South Pole to the horizon to the left of the image. The north pole is on the right horizon. This image is an unprecedented star trail image taken from the Equator (this imaginary line that splits the Earth into the two hemispheres) in Ecuador (the country). If you stand on the Equator line you can see the Southern Pole at the horizon to the South (left of the image) and the Northern pole at the horizon on the opposite direction. The Earth rotation will make all the sky and stars look like they rotate around these two points, making them appear as concentric circles (which look like ellipses on this distorsioning fish eye image). Note that on this image, that cumulates 10 hours of exposure starting 1 hour after sunset and finishing 1 h

Circumpolar in Ecuador - Star Trail from the Equator (Ecuador) - Star line taken from Ecuador, Ecuador. 10 hours of cumulative poses show us more than 90% of all the visible sky (the remaining 10% are drowned in solar light). A shooting star indicates the South Pole to the horizon to the left of the image. The north pole is on the right horizon. This image is an unprecedented star trail image taken from the Equator (this imaginary line that splits the Earth into the two hemispheres) in Ecuador (the country). If you stand on the Equator line you can see the Southern Pole at the horizon to the South (left of the image) and the Northern pole at the horizon on the opposite direction. The Earth rotation will make all the sky and stars look like they rotate around these two points, making them appear as concentric circles (which look like ellipses on this distorsioning fish eye image). Note that on this image, that cumulates 10 hours of exposure starting 1 hour after sunset and finishing 1 h

Stephane Guisard

PIX4581325

Staircase in a Palace

Staircase in a Palace

Spanish School, (19th century)

USB1159677

Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpio - Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpius - These nebulae are located approximately 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. The star - forming nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 show no evidence of a blue component in their colour - indeed, the blue - light plate used in these 3 - colour pictures had no nebulous image at all - nor is there any obvious sign of the bright blue stars normally found in these objects. They are excellent examples of the phenomenon known as 'interstellar reddening', the selective removal of blue light by minute particles of dust in the line of sight. This accounts for both the ruddy hue and apparent absence of blue stars. The hot stars are present but only some of the red part of their light is seen so they are not conspicuous. These nebulae are quite nearby (5500 light years) but located close to the Galactic plane and are buried in the dust of the Milky Way. Ca

Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpio - Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpius - These nebulae are located approximately 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. The star - forming nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 show no evidence of a blue component in their colour - indeed, the blue - light plate used in these 3 - colour pictures had no nebulous image at all - nor is there any obvious sign of the bright blue stars normally found in these objects. They are excellent examples of the phenomenon known as 'interstellar reddening', the selective removal of blue light by minute particles of dust in the line of sight. This accounts for both the ruddy hue and apparent absence of blue stars. The hot stars are present but only some of the red part of their light is seen so they are not conspicuous. These nebulae are quite nearby (5500 light years) but located close to the Galactic plane and are buried in the dust of the Milky Way. Ca

PIX4619350

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Hourglass Nebula in M8, NGC 6523 - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible on the left of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. At the heart of the Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius lies the diminutive Hourglass Nebula. This extremely bright object is associated with the blue star alongside it, named Herschel 36 after its discoverer. Herschel described M8 as 'A noble nebula' and 'a fine and complicated nebula', but he was clearly intrigued by the Hourglass which he compared to the nucleus of the Andromeda nebula, M31 as 'decidedly not stellar'. The tiny bright nebula that captures H

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Hourglass Nebula in M8, NGC 6523 - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible on the left of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. At the heart of the Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius lies the diminutive Hourglass Nebula. This extremely bright object is associated with the blue star alongside it, named Herschel 36 after its discoverer. Herschel described M8 as 'A noble nebula' and 'a fine and complicated nebula', but he was clearly intrigued by the Hourglass which he compared to the nucleus of the Andromeda nebula, M31 as 'decidedly not stellar'. The tiny bright nebula that captures H

Adam Block

PIX4619672

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1483 in Dorado - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1483 in Dorado - NGC 1483 is a barree spiral galaxy located about 60 million years ago - light in the southern constellation of Dorado. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). NGC 1483 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Dorado. The nebulous galaxy features a bright central bulge and diffuse arms with distinct star - forming regions. In the background, many other distant galaxies can be seen. The constellation Dorado is home to the Dorado Group of galaxies, a loose group comprising an estimated 70 galaxies and located some 62 million light - years away. The Dorado group is much larger than the Local Group that includes the Milky Way (and which contains around 30 galaxies) and approaches the size of a galaxy cluster. Galaxy clusters are the largest groupings of galaxies (and indeed the largest structures of any type) in the Universe to be held together by their gravity. Barred s

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1483 in Dorado - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1483 in Dorado - NGC 1483 is a barree spiral galaxy located about 60 million years ago - light in the southern constellation of Dorado. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). NGC 1483 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Dorado. The nebulous galaxy features a bright central bulge and diffuse arms with distinct star - forming regions. In the background, many other distant galaxies can be seen. The constellation Dorado is home to the Dorado Group of galaxies, a loose group comprising an estimated 70 galaxies and located some 62 million light - years away. The Dorado group is much larger than the Local Group that includes the Milky Way (and which contains around 30 galaxies) and approaches the size of a galaxy cluster. Galaxy clusters are the largest groupings of galaxies (and indeed the largest structures of any type) in the Universe to be held together by their gravity. Barred s

PIX4609879

Interacting galaxies NGC 4038 - 4039 in the Raven - The Antennae galaxy in Corvus - On the left, seen from the ground of the galaxy NGC 4038 - 39 (antenna galaxy), located about 45 million years ago - light. These two galaxies are interacting. The collision started at least 100 million years ago causes intense star formation. On the right, the image made by the space telescope Hubble on 20 January 1996 shows in detail the nuclei of these two twin galaxies surrounded by young clusters of blue stars, more than 1000, made up of young and massive stars. At left, a ground - based telescopic view of the Antennae galaxies (known formally as NGC 4038/4039) - so named because a pair of long tails of luminous matter, formed by the gravitational tidal forces of their encounter, resemble an insect's antennae. The galaxies are located 45 million light - years away in the southern constellation Corvus. At right, the respective cores of the twin galaxies are the orange blobs, left and right of image

Interacting galaxies NGC 4038 - 4039 in the Raven - The Antennae galaxy in Corvus - On the left, seen from the ground of the galaxy NGC 4038 - 39 (antenna galaxy), located about 45 million years ago - light. These two galaxies are interacting. The collision started at least 100 million years ago causes intense star formation. On the right, the image made by the space telescope Hubble on 20 January 1996 shows in detail the nuclei of these two twin galaxies surrounded by young clusters of blue stars, more than 1000, made up of young and massive stars. At left, a ground - based telescopic view of the Antennae galaxies (known formally as NGC 4038/4039) - so named because a pair of long tails of luminous matter, formed by the gravitational tidal forces of their encounter, resemble an insect's antennae. The galaxies are located 45 million light - years away in the southern constellation Corvus. At right, the respective cores of the twin galaxies are the orange blobs, left and right of image

PIX4611051

Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - The galaxy NGC 6822 is about 1.6 million years away - light from Earth. She belongs to our local group. Image obtained with a telescope of 35 cm, 12 hours of poses. The irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 6822 is located at only 1,6 million light year. It is a member of our local group and the third nearest galaxy to the Milky Way after the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical and the Magellanic Clouds. The galaxy was discovered by Barnard in 1881 using a 6 inch refractor. It is very similar to the LMC with its weak bar and its irregular distribution of bright OB associations and HII regions. In 1925 in a classic paper, Edwin Hubble reported on several bright objects in NGC 6822, later found to represent a grouping of bright star clusters and HII regions. The galaxy is rich in neutral hydrogen gas, the essential fuel of star formation. NGC 6822 started forming stars some 10 billion years ago. Similar to the LMC it has

Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - The galaxy NGC 6822 is about 1.6 million years away - light from Earth. She belongs to our local group. Image obtained with a telescope of 35 cm, 12 hours of poses. The irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 6822 is located at only 1,6 million light year. It is a member of our local group and the third nearest galaxy to the Milky Way after the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical and the Magellanic Clouds. The galaxy was discovered by Barnard in 1881 using a 6 inch refractor. It is very similar to the LMC with its weak bar and its irregular distribution of bright OB associations and HII regions. In 1925 in a classic paper, Edwin Hubble reported on several bright objects in NGC 6822, later found to represent a grouping of bright star clusters and HII regions. The galaxy is rich in neutral hydrogen gas, the essential fuel of star formation. NGC 6822 started forming stars some 10 billion years ago. Similar to the LMC it has

R. Gendler

PIX4613022

Orion Nebula - M42 - M43 - The Great Nebula in Orion - Located 1500 years - light, the Orion Nebula is the closest region to the formation of stars of the Sun. Image obtained from the 2.2 meter MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory. The Orion Nebula is the greatest of all HII clouds visible from our location within the Milky Way. With a gaseous repository of 10,000 suns, and illuminated by a cluster of hot young stars, the clouds of M42 glow with fantastic colors and shapes, giving us a birds eye view of one of the greatest star forming nurseries in our part of the galaxy. At a distance of 1500 light years, the Orion nebula is the nearest star - forming region to the Sun. This new image of the Orion Nebula was captured using the Wide Field Imager camera on the MPG/ESO 2.2 - metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory, Chile. This image is a composite of several exposures taken through a total of five different filters. Light that passed through a red filter, as well as light fr

Orion Nebula - M42 - M43 - The Great Nebula in Orion - Located 1500 years - light, the Orion Nebula is the closest region to the formation of stars of the Sun. Image obtained from the 2.2 meter MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory. The Orion Nebula is the greatest of all HII clouds visible from our location within the Milky Way. With a gaseous repository of 10,000 suns, and illuminated by a cluster of hot young stars, the clouds of M42 glow with fantastic colors and shapes, giving us a birds eye view of one of the greatest star forming nurseries in our part of the galaxy. At a distance of 1500 light years, the Orion nebula is the nearest star - forming region to the Sun. This new image of the Orion Nebula was captured using the Wide Field Imager camera on the MPG/ESO 2.2 - metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory, Chile. This image is a composite of several exposures taken through a total of five different filters. Light that passed through a red filter, as well as light fr

PIX4617791

Page from 'A Bunch. Poems.' and 'Verses (1929-1951)', inscribed 1948 and 1969 (pencil, pen & ink and print on paper)

Page from 'A Bunch. Poems.' and 'Verses (1929-1951)', inscribed 1948 and 1969 (pencil, pen & ink and print on paper)

Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977)

CH2962128

GOODS Chandra Deep Field South (CDF - S) - Image of distant galaxies obtained by the Hubble space telescope in the constellation of the furnace. Several thousand galaxies, some of which are more than 10 billion light years old, are visible in this image. A few closer galaxies also appear; this image is the complete field observed by Hubble (which contains about 25,000 galaxies) in the framework of the GOODS programme, an extensive program of study of primordial galaxies in a field of the boreal constellation of the Great Bear and in a field of the southern hemisphere, in the constellation of the furnace. This image, taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, shows several thousand galaxies, many of which appear to be interacting or in the process of forming. Some of these galaxies existed when the cosmos was less than about 2 billion years old. The foreground galaxies, however, are much closer to Earth. This image represents the entire field surveyed by Hubble. The full field, co

GOODS Chandra Deep Field South (CDF - S) - Image of distant galaxies obtained by the Hubble space telescope in the constellation of the furnace. Several thousand galaxies, some of which are more than 10 billion light years old, are visible in this image. A few closer galaxies also appear; this image is the complete field observed by Hubble (which contains about 25,000 galaxies) in the framework of the GOODS programme, an extensive program of study of primordial galaxies in a field of the boreal constellation of the Great Bear and in a field of the southern hemisphere, in the constellation of the furnace. This image, taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, shows several thousand galaxies, many of which appear to be interacting or in the process of forming. Some of these galaxies existed when the cosmos was less than about 2 billion years old. The foreground galaxies, however, are much closer to Earth. This image represents the entire field surveyed by Hubble. The full field, co

PIX4613817

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in the Furnace - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in Fornax - Located at a distance of about 45 million years - light, NGC 1097 is the object of intense star formation and is an active core galaxy with a supermassive black hole in its heart. At the top right of the image, a special elliptical satellite galaxy, NGC 1097A, probably interacted with NGC 1097 in the past. Image obtained by combining several poses of several hours. Located at a distance of about 45 million light - years in the southern constellation Fornax, NGC 1097 is a relatively bright, barred spiral galaxy of type SBB, seen face - on. At magnitude 9.5, and thus just 25 times fainter than the faintest object that can be seen with the unaided eye, it appears in small telescopes as a bright, circular disc. NGC 1097 is an acive galaxy with an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose emission is thought to arise from matter (gas and stars) falling into oblivion in a central black hole. There is indeed mu

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in the Furnace - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in Fornax - Located at a distance of about 45 million years - light, NGC 1097 is the object of intense star formation and is an active core galaxy with a supermassive black hole in its heart. At the top right of the image, a special elliptical satellite galaxy, NGC 1097A, probably interacted with NGC 1097 in the past. Image obtained by combining several poses of several hours. Located at a distance of about 45 million light - years in the southern constellation Fornax, NGC 1097 is a relatively bright, barred spiral galaxy of type SBB, seen face - on. At magnitude 9.5, and thus just 25 times fainter than the faintest object that can be seen with the unaided eye, it appears in small telescopes as a bright, circular disc. NGC 1097 is an acive galaxy with an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose emission is thought to arise from matter (gas and stars) falling into oblivion in a central black hole. There is indeed mu

PIX4609641

Nebula NGC 6164-5 in the Rule - The emission nebula NGC 6164-65: This nebula is located about 4000 light years from Earth. It is a bipolar nebula around a very hot star at the end of life, the star HD 148937 - NGC 6164-65 is a bipolar nebula surrounding the peculiar O 7f star HD 148937. Although the nebula was believed initially to represent a planetary nebula, it is now understood to represent a shell-like ejected nebula, formed by the winds of its young central star. Wind blown nebulae are usually considered the outcome of Wolf-Rayet type stars (WR), evolved O-type stars that have left the main sequence, molding their surroundings by way of fierce stellar winds. In the case of the S-shaped bipolar nebula NGC 6164-65, the central star is not a WR star, but a young O-type supergiant of 40 solar masses. Relatively few examples of such objects are known to exist, making NGC 6164-65 particularly unique. The true age of the star is not known although estimates of its age vary from a pre-ma

Nebula NGC 6164-5 in the Rule - The emission nebula NGC 6164-65: This nebula is located about 4000 light years from Earth. It is a bipolar nebula around a very hot star at the end of life, the star HD 148937 - NGC 6164-65 is a bipolar nebula surrounding the peculiar O 7f star HD 148937. Although the nebula was believed initially to represent a planetary nebula, it is now understood to represent a shell-like ejected nebula, formed by the winds of its young central star. Wind blown nebulae are usually considered the outcome of Wolf-Rayet type stars (WR), evolved O-type stars that have left the main sequence, molding their surroundings by way of fierce stellar winds. In the case of the S-shaped bipolar nebula NGC 6164-65, the central star is not a WR star, but a young O-type supergiant of 40 solar masses. Relatively few examples of such objects are known to exist, making NGC 6164-65 particularly unique. The true age of the star is not known although estimates of its age vary from a pre-ma

PIX4619260

Spiral galaxy NGC 4622 in Centaurus - Spiral galaxy NGC 4622 in Centaurus - The spiral galaxy NGC 4622 is located 111 million light years ago in the southern constellation of Centaurus. The image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2001 shows regions filled with new stars in blue. Astronomers have observed that, unlike other known spiral galaxies, it is the outer arms of this galaxy that rotate the whole, rotating in the same direction as the center; moreover, an inner arm of the galaxy would rotate in the opposite direction. A small galaxy absorbed by NGC 4622 could be responsible for this anomaly. NGC 4622 resides 111 million light - years away in the constellation Centaurus. The image taken in May 2001 with Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 shows NGC 4622 and its outer pair of winding arms full of new stars (shown in blue). Astronomers are puzzled by the clockwise rotation because of the direction the outer spiral arms are pointing. Most spiral galaxies have arms of g

Spiral galaxy NGC 4622 in Centaurus - Spiral galaxy NGC 4622 in Centaurus - The spiral galaxy NGC 4622 is located 111 million light years ago in the southern constellation of Centaurus. The image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2001 shows regions filled with new stars in blue. Astronomers have observed that, unlike other known spiral galaxies, it is the outer arms of this galaxy that rotate the whole, rotating in the same direction as the center; moreover, an inner arm of the galaxy would rotate in the opposite direction. A small galaxy absorbed by NGC 4622 could be responsible for this anomaly. NGC 4622 resides 111 million light - years away in the constellation Centaurus. The image taken in May 2001 with Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 shows NGC 4622 and its outer pair of winding arms full of new stars (shown in blue). Astronomers are puzzled by the clockwise rotation because of the direction the outer spiral arms are pointing. Most spiral galaxies have arms of g

PIX4611676

The planetary nebula Dumbbell (M27) is located about 1200 light years from Earth in the constellation Little Fox. A planetary nebula is a gas shell from a small late-life star whose heart collapsed to become a white dwarf and expelled the outer layers of its matter. In this image the nova appeared on August 18, 2005 is visible. The Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC6853), is a planetary nebula located about 1200 light years from the earth in the constellation of Vulpecula. The nebula was formed when an evolved, red giant star ejected its outer envelope near the end of its lifetime. The expanding cloud of gas becomes visible once the hot core of the star, visible near the center, is exposed and the high-energy, ultraviolet light from the core ionizes the cloud. On the evening of August 17- 18, 2005, two European astronomers simultaneously discovered a new star in the Dumbbell Nebula. This image is a portrait of the Dumbbell Nebula featuring the 2005 nova. It is comprised of thirty separate fifte

The planetary nebula Dumbbell (M27) is located about 1200 light years from Earth in the constellation Little Fox. A planetary nebula is a gas shell from a small late-life star whose heart collapsed to become a white dwarf and expelled the outer layers of its matter. In this image the nova appeared on August 18, 2005 is visible. The Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC6853), is a planetary nebula located about 1200 light years from the earth in the constellation of Vulpecula. The nebula was formed when an evolved, red giant star ejected its outer envelope near the end of its lifetime. The expanding cloud of gas becomes visible once the hot core of the star, visible near the center, is exposed and the high-energy, ultraviolet light from the core ionizes the cloud. On the evening of August 17- 18, 2005, two European astronomers simultaneously discovered a new star in the Dumbbell Nebula. This image is a portrait of the Dumbbell Nebula featuring the 2005 nova. It is comprised of thirty separate fifte

R. Jay GaBany

PIX4623431

Persee Galaxy Cluster - Perseus galaxy cluster - The Persee galaxy cluster (Abell 426) contains at least 500 galaxies including the large elliptical galaxy NGC 1275. This galaxy (the galaxy with pink filaments to the left of the image) is located about 235 million years ago - light; it is a very strong source of radio wave transmission known as Perseus A. In the right center of the image, note the presence of a supernova, SN 2008fg, in a small blue spiral galaxy, NGC 1268. Perseus galaxy cluster (Abell 426) is a cluster of about 500 galaxies. The biggest (left) is NGC 1275, located 235 million light years away; it is a strong radio source known as Perseus A. The gravity exerted by the luminous parts of a galaxy cluster is insufficient to hold the cluster together. Thus, scientists have concluded the missing adhesive must be dark matter and since it's invisible to modern instruments - it can only be inferred. So, when one views the image of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster, ones sees only a s

Persee Galaxy Cluster - Perseus galaxy cluster - The Persee galaxy cluster (Abell 426) contains at least 500 galaxies including the large elliptical galaxy NGC 1275. This galaxy (the galaxy with pink filaments to the left of the image) is located about 235 million years ago - light; it is a very strong source of radio wave transmission known as Perseus A. In the right center of the image, note the presence of a supernova, SN 2008fg, in a small blue spiral galaxy, NGC 1268. Perseus galaxy cluster (Abell 426) is a cluster of about 500 galaxies. The biggest (left) is NGC 1275, located 235 million light years away; it is a strong radio source known as Perseus A. The gravity exerted by the luminous parts of a galaxy cluster is insufficient to hold the cluster together. Thus, scientists have concluded the missing adhesive must be dark matter and since it's invisible to modern instruments - it can only be inferred. So, when one views the image of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster, ones sees only a s

R. Jay GaBany

PIX4565332

The cluster of galaxies in Fornax - The cluster of galaxies in Fornax - clusters of galaxies situated about 55 million years ago - light. In the center of the image is the barree spiral galaxy NGC 1365; at the bottom right of the image, the interaction galaxy NGC 1316 - 17 (Fornax A), which is one of the strongest known radiosource. Galaxies can be separated by their appearance into two broad groups, spirals and ellipticals. An example of a spiral galaxy, NGC 1365, is seen in center of this picture. In contrast, most of the galaxies in this cluster are ellipticals, which contain little or no gas or evidence of star formation; indeed they are composed millions of rather old, yellowish stars. Unlike many of the stars in spiral systems, those in ellipticals have orbits which are not confined to a narrow plane, so the galaxy can have a shape anywhere between a perfect sphere and an American football. This kind of galaxy is the most common type in the photograph as it is in all of the nearb

The cluster of galaxies in Fornax - The cluster of galaxies in Fornax - clusters of galaxies situated about 55 million years ago - light. In the center of the image is the barree spiral galaxy NGC 1365; at the bottom right of the image, the interaction galaxy NGC 1316 - 17 (Fornax A), which is one of the strongest known radiosource. Galaxies can be separated by their appearance into two broad groups, spirals and ellipticals. An example of a spiral galaxy, NGC 1365, is seen in center of this picture. In contrast, most of the galaxies in this cluster are ellipticals, which contain little or no gas or evidence of star formation; indeed they are composed millions of rather old, yellowish stars. Unlike many of the stars in spiral systems, those in ellipticals have orbits which are not confined to a narrow plane, so the galaxy can have a shape anywhere between a perfect sphere and an American football. This kind of galaxy is the most common type in the photograph as it is in all of the nearb

PIX4565370

Supernova Remnants SNR B0509 - 67.5 - Supernova Remnant SNR B0509 - 67.5 - SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509) is the rest of a star explosion in the galaxy of the Great Magellan Cloud. This 23-year bubble - light of diameter extends at a speed of 18 million km/h. Composite of images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2006 and 2010. This delicate shell, photographed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, appears to float serenely in the depths of space, but this apparent calm hides an inner turmoil. The gaseous envelope formed as the expanding blast wave and ejected material from a supernova tore through the nearby interstellar medium. Called SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509 for short), the bubble is the visible remnant of a powerful stellar explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small galaxy about 160,000 light - years from Earth. Ripples in the shell's surface may be caused either by subtle variations in the density of the ambient interstellar gas, or possibly be driv

Supernova Remnants SNR B0509 - 67.5 - Supernova Remnant SNR B0509 - 67.5 - SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509) is the rest of a star explosion in the galaxy of the Great Magellan Cloud. This 23-year bubble - light of diameter extends at a speed of 18 million km/h. Composite of images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2006 and 2010. This delicate shell, photographed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, appears to float serenely in the depths of space, but this apparent calm hides an inner turmoil. The gaseous envelope formed as the expanding blast wave and ejected material from a supernova tore through the nearby interstellar medium. Called SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509 for short), the bubble is the visible remnant of a powerful stellar explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small galaxy about 160,000 light - years from Earth. Ripples in the shell's surface may be caused either by subtle variations in the density of the ambient interstellar gas, or possibly be driv

PIX4583175

Remains of the Supernova of Vails - The Vela supernova remnant: Nearly 12,000 years ago, a massive star exploded in the constellation of Vails. The star reaches the end of life and expels its material to become a small star only a few kilometres in diameter. This stellar corpse is a neutron star, the pulsar of Voiles, barely visible in the image. The gas shell that surrounds it today extends over more than 100 light years. Mosaic of 117 images - Approximately 11,000 to 12,000 years ago a massive star exploded in the southern constellation of Vela. The matter ejected by the supernova scattered the contents of the star into the surrounding interstellar medium creating shock fronts of multimillion degree gas and high energy particles. The heated matter produces brilliant visible light as well as radio and x-ray emission which will continue for thousands of years until the entire remnant of the dying star completely dissipates into space. Supernovas enrich the surrounding interstellar medi

Remains of the Supernova of Vails - The Vela supernova remnant: Nearly 12,000 years ago, a massive star exploded in the constellation of Vails. The star reaches the end of life and expels its material to become a small star only a few kilometres in diameter. This stellar corpse is a neutron star, the pulsar of Voiles, barely visible in the image. The gas shell that surrounds it today extends over more than 100 light years. Mosaic of 117 images - Approximately 11,000 to 12,000 years ago a massive star exploded in the southern constellation of Vela. The matter ejected by the supernova scattered the contents of the star into the surrounding interstellar medium creating shock fronts of multimillion degree gas and high energy particles. The heated matter produces brilliant visible light as well as radio and x-ray emission which will continue for thousands of years until the entire remnant of the dying star completely dissipates into space. Supernovas enrich the surrounding interstellar medi

R. Gendler

PIX4626466

Frontispiece from 'A Bunch. Poems.', inscribed by the author in 1948, 1923 (print on paper)

Frontispiece from 'A Bunch. Poems.', inscribed by the author in 1948, 1923 (print on paper)

Russian School (20th century)

CH2962127

Hubble deep field sud - Hubble deep field south - In the southern constellation of Toucan, the Hubble space telescope posed 75h to obtain this image of the distant universe. Thousands of galaxies away from 1 to 12 billion light years are visible in this image. From Earth, the target field is the one “” that one would see through the eye of a needle held at arm's length.” If the distribution of galaxies over the entire Celestial vault were similar to this field, the number of galaxies observable up to magnitude 30 would be 50 billion. This picture is the culmination of a 10 - day - long observation called the Hubble Deep Field South which was carried out in October 1998. This new “” far - look”” complements the original Hubble “” deep field””” taken in late 1995, when Hubble was aimed at a small patch of space near the Big Dipper. The new region is in the constellation Tucana, near the south celestial pole. Hubble's sharp vision allows astronomers to sort galaxy shapes. The image is dom

Hubble deep field sud - Hubble deep field south - In the southern constellation of Toucan, the Hubble space telescope posed 75h to obtain this image of the distant universe. Thousands of galaxies away from 1 to 12 billion light years are visible in this image. From Earth, the target field is the one “” that one would see through the eye of a needle held at arm's length.” If the distribution of galaxies over the entire Celestial vault were similar to this field, the number of galaxies observable up to magnitude 30 would be 50 billion. This picture is the culmination of a 10 - day - long observation called the Hubble Deep Field South which was carried out in October 1998. This new “” far - look”” complements the original Hubble “” deep field””” taken in late 1995, when Hubble was aimed at a small patch of space near the Big Dipper. The new region is in the constellation Tucana, near the south celestial pole. Hubble's sharp vision allows astronomers to sort galaxy shapes. The image is dom

PIX4613806

Dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX in the Great Bear - Dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX in Ursa Major - The dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX is located 12 million years - light from Earth in the constellation of the Great Bear, just above the spiral galaxy M81. Of the 20,000 stars visible on this image obtained by the Hubble space telescope, more than 90% are young stars aged between 10 and 200 million years. The proximity of other galaxies, including M81, is believed to be at the origin of this recent star formation. This loose collection of stars is actually a dwarf irregular galaxy, called Holmberg IX. It resides just off the outer edge of M81, a large spiral galaxy in Ursa Major. This image was taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys in early 2006. Holmberg IX is of the so - called Magellanic type of galaxy, as its size and irregularity in structure are similar to the Small Magellanic Cloud, a neighbour to our own Milky Way. It is suspected that the dwarf galaxy was created as a result of a galactic

Dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX in the Great Bear - Dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX in Ursa Major - The dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX is located 12 million years - light from Earth in the constellation of the Great Bear, just above the spiral galaxy M81. Of the 20,000 stars visible on this image obtained by the Hubble space telescope, more than 90% are young stars aged between 10 and 200 million years. The proximity of other galaxies, including M81, is believed to be at the origin of this recent star formation. This loose collection of stars is actually a dwarf irregular galaxy, called Holmberg IX. It resides just off the outer edge of M81, a large spiral galaxy in Ursa Major. This image was taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys in early 2006. Holmberg IX is of the so - called Magellanic type of galaxy, as its size and irregularity in structure are similar to the Small Magellanic Cloud, a neighbour to our own Milky Way. It is suspected that the dwarf galaxy was created as a result of a galactic

PIX4613880

Spiral galaxies NGC 3314 A and B in Hydra - Galaxy pair NGC 3314 in Hydra - NGC 3314 is a pair of spiral galaxies distant about 140 million years - Earth light. These galaxies are not interacting but just perfectly aligned in front of each other from Earth. Through an extraordinary chance alignment, a face - on spiral galaxy lies precisely in front of another larger spiral. This line - up provides us with the rare chance to visualize dark material within the front galaxy, seen only because it is silhouetted against the object behind it. NGC 3314 lies about 140 million light - years from Earth, in the direction of the southern hemisphere constellation Hydra. The bright blue stars forming a pinwheel shape near the center of the front galaxy have formed recently from interstellar gas and dust. In many galaxies, interstellar dust lies only in the same regions as recently formed blue stars. However, in the foreground galaxy, NGC 3314a, there are numerous additional dark dust lanes that are

Spiral galaxies NGC 3314 A and B in Hydra - Galaxy pair NGC 3314 in Hydra - NGC 3314 is a pair of spiral galaxies distant about 140 million years - Earth light. These galaxies are not interacting but just perfectly aligned in front of each other from Earth. Through an extraordinary chance alignment, a face - on spiral galaxy lies precisely in front of another larger spiral. This line - up provides us with the rare chance to visualize dark material within the front galaxy, seen only because it is silhouetted against the object behind it. NGC 3314 lies about 140 million light - years from Earth, in the direction of the southern hemisphere constellation Hydra. The bright blue stars forming a pinwheel shape near the center of the front galaxy have formed recently from interstellar gas and dust. In many galaxies, interstellar dust lies only in the same regions as recently formed blue stars. However, in the foreground galaxy, NGC 3314a, there are numerous additional dark dust lanes that are

PIX4610557

Brown dwarf star Gliese 229 b - Brown dwarf Gliese 229 b - Artist view of the brown dwarf star Gliese 229B. Discovered in 1995 in the constellation Lievre at 18 years - light from Earth, this brown dwarf is 30 to 40 times more massive than Jupiter and is estimated to be 2 to 4 billion years old. Top left is the red dwarf star Gliese 229A. This is how the brown dwarf Gliese 229b might appear from a distance of about a half million miles. Glowing like a charcoal ember, Gliese 229 b was discovered in 1995 and is 19 light years from the Earth. This brown dwarf orbits the red dwarf Gliese 229A in the constellation Lepus. Gliese A can be seen shining dimly on the upper left. These two dwarfs are about four billion miles apart, about the same distance between Pluto and our sun. Gliese 229 b is believed to be 30 to 40 times more massive than the planet Jupiter, which is massive enough for Gliese 229 b to sustain deuterium fusion, but not enough mass to initiate hydrogen fusion like our Sun. As

Brown dwarf star Gliese 229 b - Brown dwarf Gliese 229 b - Artist view of the brown dwarf star Gliese 229B. Discovered in 1995 in the constellation Lievre at 18 years - light from Earth, this brown dwarf is 30 to 40 times more massive than Jupiter and is estimated to be 2 to 4 billion years old. Top left is the red dwarf star Gliese 229A. This is how the brown dwarf Gliese 229b might appear from a distance of about a half million miles. Glowing like a charcoal ember, Gliese 229 b was discovered in 1995 and is 19 light years from the Earth. This brown dwarf orbits the red dwarf Gliese 229A in the constellation Lepus. Gliese A can be seen shining dimly on the upper left. These two dwarfs are about four billion miles apart, about the same distance between Pluto and our sun. Gliese 229 b is believed to be 30 to 40 times more massive than the planet Jupiter, which is massive enough for Gliese 229 b to sustain deuterium fusion, but not enough mass to initiate hydrogen fusion like our Sun. As

Walter B Myers

PIX4572553

Horsehead Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead Nebula (B33) in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light from Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant sta

Horsehead Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead Nebula (B33) in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light from Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant sta

PIX4622070

Horsehead Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead Nebula (B33) in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light from Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant sta

Horsehead Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead Nebula (B33) in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light from Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant sta

PIX4622085

Clusters of distant galaxies RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - Distant galaxy cluster RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - This cluster of galaxies is 9 billion years old - light in the constellation Hydra, and is the most massive known to date. It probably contains several thousand galaxies. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope and the VLT. The image shows the entire galaxy cluster (1/15 of a degree, corresponding to about 7 million light - years, across). The cluster probably contains many thousands of galaxies. Most of the other galaxies in the image, including most of the blue galaxies, are foreground or background galaxies. The image, which is made with an additional infrared exposure taken with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, shows mature galaxies in a massive cluster that existed when the cosmos was 5000 million years old. The cluster, called RDCS1252.9 - 2927, is as massive as '300 trillion' suns and is the most massive known cluster for its epoch. Dominating the core are a

Clusters of distant galaxies RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - Distant galaxy cluster RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - This cluster of galaxies is 9 billion years old - light in the constellation Hydra, and is the most massive known to date. It probably contains several thousand galaxies. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope and the VLT. The image shows the entire galaxy cluster (1/15 of a degree, corresponding to about 7 million light - years, across). The cluster probably contains many thousands of galaxies. Most of the other galaxies in the image, including most of the blue galaxies, are foreground or background galaxies. The image, which is made with an additional infrared exposure taken with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, shows mature galaxies in a massive cluster that existed when the cosmos was 5000 million years old. The cluster, called RDCS1252.9 - 2927, is as massive as '300 trillion' suns and is the most massive known cluster for its epoch. Dominating the core are a

PIX4565578

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 3259 in the Great Bear - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 3259 in Ursa Major - The barree spiral galaxy NGC 3259 is located about 110 million years away - light from Earth. This galaxy houses a black hole in its heart as well as large zones of star formation in its arms. This image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This classic shot of a galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major was taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 3259 is a bright barred spiral galaxy located approximately 110 million light - years from Earth. Being a fully - formed active galaxy, its bright central bulge hosts a supermassive black hole, whose huge appetite for matter explains the high luminosity of the galaxy's core: as it devours its surroundings, the black hole emits intense radiation across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, including in visible light. The beautiful spiral arms of the galaxy are not left out either as they contain dark lanes of dust and gas, ideal sp

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 3259 in the Great Bear - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 3259 in Ursa Major - The barree spiral galaxy NGC 3259 is located about 110 million years away - light from Earth. This galaxy houses a black hole in its heart as well as large zones of star formation in its arms. This image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This classic shot of a galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major was taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 3259 is a bright barred spiral galaxy located approximately 110 million light - years from Earth. Being a fully - formed active galaxy, its bright central bulge hosts a supermassive black hole, whose huge appetite for matter explains the high luminosity of the galaxy's core: as it devours its surroundings, the black hole emits intense radiation across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, including in visible light. The beautiful spiral arms of the galaxy are not left out either as they contain dark lanes of dust and gas, ideal sp

PIX4610559

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in the Furnace - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in Fornax - Located at a distance of about 45 million years - light, NGC 1097 is the object of intense star formation and is an active core galaxy with a supermassive black hole in its heart. A special elliptical satellite galaxy, NGC 1097A, probably interacted with NGC 1097 in the past. Image obtained by combining several poses of several hours. Located at a distance of about 45 million light - years in the southern constellation Fornax, NGC 1097 is a relatively bright, barred spiral galaxy of type SBB, seen face - on. At magnitude 9.5, and thus just 25 times fainter than the faintest object that can be seen with the unaided eye, it appears in small telescopes as a bright, circular disc. NGC 1097 is an active galaxy with an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose emission is thought to arise from matter (gas and stars) falling into oblivion in a central black hole. There is indeed much evidence that a supermassiv

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in the Furnace - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097 in Fornax - Located at a distance of about 45 million years - light, NGC 1097 is the object of intense star formation and is an active core galaxy with a supermassive black hole in its heart. A special elliptical satellite galaxy, NGC 1097A, probably interacted with NGC 1097 in the past. Image obtained by combining several poses of several hours. Located at a distance of about 45 million light - years in the southern constellation Fornax, NGC 1097 is a relatively bright, barred spiral galaxy of type SBB, seen face - on. At magnitude 9.5, and thus just 25 times fainter than the faintest object that can be seen with the unaided eye, it appears in small telescopes as a bright, circular disc. NGC 1097 is an active galaxy with an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose emission is thought to arise from matter (gas and stars) falling into oblivion in a central black hole. There is indeed much evidence that a supermassiv

R. Gendler

PIX4609650

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 4639 in Virgo - Barred galaxy NGC 4639 in Virgo - The barree spiral galaxy NGC 4639 is located 78 million years - light in the Virgin's galaxy cluster. The blue dots visible on this image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope are young stars. Other stars, cepheides have also been observed in this galaxy, allowing us to measure their distance with precision. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 4639, a spiral galaxy located 78 million light - years away in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The blue dots in the galaxy's outlying regions indicate the presence of young stars. Among them are older, bright stars called Cepheids, which are used as reliable milepost markers to obtain accurate distances to nearby galaxies. Astronomers measure the brightness of Cepheids to calculate the distance to a galaxy. After using Cepheids to calculate the distance to NGC 4639, the team compared the results to the peak brightness measurements of SN 1990N, a type Ia supernova l

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 4639 in Virgo - Barred galaxy NGC 4639 in Virgo - The barree spiral galaxy NGC 4639 is located 78 million years - light in the Virgin's galaxy cluster. The blue dots visible on this image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope are young stars. Other stars, cepheides have also been observed in this galaxy, allowing us to measure their distance with precision. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 4639, a spiral galaxy located 78 million light - years away in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The blue dots in the galaxy's outlying regions indicate the presence of young stars. Among them are older, bright stars called Cepheids, which are used as reliable milepost markers to obtain accurate distances to nearby galaxies. Astronomers measure the brightness of Cepheids to calculate the distance to a galaxy. After using Cepheids to calculate the distance to NGC 4639, the team compared the results to the peak brightness measurements of SN 1990N, a type Ia supernova l

PIX4611731

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Hourglass Nebula in M8, NGC 6523 - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible on the left of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. Image made with Siding Spring's 3.9m telescope. At the heart of the Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius lies the diminutive Hourglass Nebula. This extremely bright object is associated with the blue star alongside it, named Herschel 36 after its discoverer. Herschel described M8 as 'A noble nebula' and 'a fine and complicated nebula', but he was clearly intrigued by the Hourglass which he compared to the nucleus of the Andromeda nebula, M31 as 'decidedly not

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Hourglass Nebula in M8, NGC 6523 - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible on the left of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. Image made with Siding Spring's 3.9m telescope. At the heart of the Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius lies the diminutive Hourglass Nebula. This extremely bright object is associated with the blue star alongside it, named Herschel 36 after its discoverer. Herschel described M8 as 'A noble nebula' and 'a fine and complicated nebula', but he was clearly intrigued by the Hourglass which he compared to the nucleus of the Andromeda nebula, M31 as 'decidedly not

PIX4619615

Nebula NGC 6164 - 5 in the Rule - The emission nebula NGC 6164 - 65 - This nebula is located about 4000 years - light from Earth. It is a bipolar nebula around a very hot star at the end of life, the star HD 148937. NGC 6164 - 65 is a bipolar nebula surrounding the peculiar O 7f star HD 148937. Although the nebula was believed initially to represent a planetary nebula, it is now understood to represent a shell - like ejected nebula, formed by the winds of its young central star. Wind blown nebulae are usually considered the outcome of Wolf - Rayet type stars (WR), evolved O - type stars that have left the main sequence, molding their surroundings by way of fierce stellar winds. In the case of the S - shaped bipolar nebula NGC 6164 - 65, the central star is not a WR star, but a young O - type supergiant of 40 solar masses. Relatively few examples of such objects are known to exist, making NGC 6164 - 5 particularly unique. The true age of the star is not known although estimates of its a

Nebula NGC 6164 - 5 in the Rule - The emission nebula NGC 6164 - 65 - This nebula is located about 4000 years - light from Earth. It is a bipolar nebula around a very hot star at the end of life, the star HD 148937. NGC 6164 - 65 is a bipolar nebula surrounding the peculiar O 7f star HD 148937. Although the nebula was believed initially to represent a planetary nebula, it is now understood to represent a shell - like ejected nebula, formed by the winds of its young central star. Wind blown nebulae are usually considered the outcome of Wolf - Rayet type stars (WR), evolved O - type stars that have left the main sequence, molding their surroundings by way of fierce stellar winds. In the case of the S - shaped bipolar nebula NGC 6164 - 65, the central star is not a WR star, but a young O - type supergiant of 40 solar masses. Relatively few examples of such objects are known to exist, making NGC 6164 - 5 particularly unique. The true age of the star is not known although estimates of its a

PIX4619228

Nebula NGC 6334 in Scorpio - Cat's Paw nebula (NGC 6334) in Scorpius - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. It is a vast region of star formation. Image obtained by the 2.2 meter MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory. The Cat's Paw Nebula (NGC 6334) is a vast region of star formation. This new portrait of NGC 6334 was created from images taken with the Wide Field Imager instrument at the 2.2 - metre MPG/ESO telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, combining images taken through blue, green and red filters, as well as a special filter designed to let through the light of glowing hydrogen. NGC 6334 lies about 5500 light - years from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. The whole gas cloud is about 50 light - years across. NGC 6334 is one of the most active nurseries of massive stars in our galaxy and has been extensively studied by astronomers. The nebula conceals freshly minted brilliant blue stars - each nearly ten times the mass of our

Nebula NGC 6334 in Scorpio - Cat's Paw nebula (NGC 6334) in Scorpius - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. It is a vast region of star formation. Image obtained by the 2.2 meter MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory. The Cat's Paw Nebula (NGC 6334) is a vast region of star formation. This new portrait of NGC 6334 was created from images taken with the Wide Field Imager instrument at the 2.2 - metre MPG/ESO telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, combining images taken through blue, green and red filters, as well as a special filter designed to let through the light of glowing hydrogen. NGC 6334 lies about 5500 light - years from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. The whole gas cloud is about 50 light - years across. NGC 6334 is one of the most active nurseries of massive stars in our galaxy and has been extensively studied by astronomers. The nebula conceals freshly minted brilliant blue stars - each nearly ten times the mass of our

PIX4619453

Open cluster Westerlund 1 in the Altar - Open cluster Westerlund 1 in Ara - The open cluster Westerlund 1 is located about 16,000 years - light in the southern constellation of the Altar. It contains hundreds of very young massive stars as well as the supergiant red star W26. Image obtained by the VST telescope in Chile. This exceptionally bright cluster lies about 16 000 light - years from Earth in the southern constellation of Ara (The Altar). It contains hundreds of very massive and brilliant stars, all of which are just a few million years old - - babies by stellar standards. But our view of this cluster is hampered by gas and dust that prevents most of the visible light from the cluster's stars from getting to Earth. Around one of the stars - - known as W26, a red supergiant and possibly the biggest star known - - astronomers have discovered clouds of glowing hydrogen gas, shown as green features in this new image. Such glowing clouds around massive stars are very rare, and are ev

Open cluster Westerlund 1 in the Altar - Open cluster Westerlund 1 in Ara - The open cluster Westerlund 1 is located about 16,000 years - light in the southern constellation of the Altar. It contains hundreds of very young massive stars as well as the supergiant red star W26. Image obtained by the VST telescope in Chile. This exceptionally bright cluster lies about 16 000 light - years from Earth in the southern constellation of Ara (The Altar). It contains hundreds of very massive and brilliant stars, all of which are just a few million years old - - babies by stellar standards. But our view of this cluster is hampered by gas and dust that prevents most of the visible light from the cluster's stars from getting to Earth. Around one of the stars - - known as W26, a red supergiant and possibly the biggest star known - - astronomers have discovered clouds of glowing hydrogen gas, shown as green features in this new image. Such glowing clouds around massive stars are very rare, and are ev

PIX4569073

Star cluster IC 1590 in NGC 281 (Cassiopee) - Open cluster and Bok globules in NGC 281 - View of a detail in the center of the nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopee. The brightest stars of the open cluster IC 1590 are visible, accompanied by Bok's blood cells, dark interstellar clouds consisting of gas and dust that absorb light. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Astronomers have used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the young open star cluster IC 1590, which is found within the star formation region NGC 281 - - nicknamed the Pacman Nebula due to its resemblance to the famous arcade game character. This image only shows the central part of the nebula, where the brightest stars at the core of the cluster are found, with part of the Pacman's hungry mouth visible as the dark region below. But Pacman isn't gobbling up these stars. Instead, the nebula's gas and dust are being used as raw ingredients to make new stars. However, the stars in IC 1590 are still plotting thei

Star cluster IC 1590 in NGC 281 (Cassiopee) - Open cluster and Bok globules in NGC 281 - View of a detail in the center of the nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopee. The brightest stars of the open cluster IC 1590 are visible, accompanied by Bok's blood cells, dark interstellar clouds consisting of gas and dust that absorb light. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Astronomers have used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the young open star cluster IC 1590, which is found within the star formation region NGC 281 - - nicknamed the Pacman Nebula due to its resemblance to the famous arcade game character. This image only shows the central part of the nebula, where the brightest stars at the core of the cluster are found, with part of the Pacman's hungry mouth visible as the dark region below. But Pacman isn't gobbling up these stars. Instead, the nebula's gas and dust are being used as raw ingredients to make new stars. However, the stars in IC 1590 are still plotting thei

PIX4617504

Around the Nares Detroit - Canada - Greenland - Nares strait area - Canada - Greenland - This radar image from Envisat shows the northeast tip of Ellesmere Island (left) in the Canadian Arctic and the northwestern extremity of Greenland - the largest island on the planet (right). At the bottom of the image, the waters, which appear in green and purple, form the detroit of Nares, which flies north to form the Robeson Canal. It drains the Lincoln Sea (in the upper left corner) which is part of the Arctic Ocean. The white and blue area on the right side of the image is a portion of the Greenland ice cap, the second largest concentration of frozen fresh water on Earth after the Antarctic polar cap. The largest floating glacier in the northern hemisphere, the Petermann Glacier, is reddish in colour, and runs at the bottom of the image in the centre towards the detroit of Nares. The Petermann Glacier lost a 29 km2 block between July 10 and 25, 2008. Standard radar images are not in colour be

Around the Nares Detroit - Canada - Greenland - Nares strait area - Canada - Greenland - This radar image from Envisat shows the northeast tip of Ellesmere Island (left) in the Canadian Arctic and the northwestern extremity of Greenland - the largest island on the planet (right). At the bottom of the image, the waters, which appear in green and purple, form the detroit of Nares, which flies north to form the Robeson Canal. It drains the Lincoln Sea (in the upper left corner) which is part of the Arctic Ocean. The white and blue area on the right side of the image is a portion of the Greenland ice cap, the second largest concentration of frozen fresh water on Earth after the Antarctic polar cap. The largest floating glacier in the northern hemisphere, the Petermann Glacier, is reddish in colour, and runs at the bottom of the image in the centre towards the detroit of Nares. The Petermann Glacier lost a 29 km2 block between July 10 and 25, 2008. Standard radar images are not in colour be

PIX4666074

Planetary nebula M57 (NGC 6720) in Lyra - M57 (NGC 6720) planetary nebula in Lyra - The planetary nebula of Lyra (M57) is located about 2000 years - light from Earth. With a magnitude of 9.0, this nebula is easily observed with a small telescope. A planetary nebula is a gas shell from a small late-life star whose heart collapsed to become a white dwarf and expelled the outer layers of its matter. Composite image obtained by different telescopes. The Ring Nebula, M57, is the most famous example of a planetary nebula. Located about 2,000 light years away, it has an apparent diameter of 1 arc minute and a real diameter of about one light year. At magnitude 9.0 its high surface brightness makes it an easy object, even from the city and even with small telescopes. Planetary nebula are shells of gas shed by stars late in their life cycles after using up all of their nuclear fuel. The star then ejects a significant portion of its mass in a gaseous shell, which is illuminated by its extremely

Planetary nebula M57 (NGC 6720) in Lyra - M57 (NGC 6720) planetary nebula in Lyra - The planetary nebula of Lyra (M57) is located about 2000 years - light from Earth. With a magnitude of 9.0, this nebula is easily observed with a small telescope. A planetary nebula is a gas shell from a small late-life star whose heart collapsed to become a white dwarf and expelled the outer layers of its matter. Composite image obtained by different telescopes. The Ring Nebula, M57, is the most famous example of a planetary nebula. Located about 2,000 light years away, it has an apparent diameter of 1 arc minute and a real diameter of about one light year. At magnitude 9.0 its high surface brightness makes it an easy object, even from the city and even with small telescopes. Planetary nebula are shells of gas shed by stars late in their life cycles after using up all of their nuclear fuel. The star then ejects a significant portion of its mass in a gaseous shell, which is illuminated by its extremely

PIX4623359

Lieutenant Charles Besson (circa 1735-1822), 1761 (watercolour, ivory)

Lieutenant Charles Besson (circa 1735-1822), 1761 (watercolour, ivory)

Hone, Nathaniel (1718-84)

MMM7340093

Page from 'A Bunch. Poems.' and 'Verses (1929-1951)', inscribed 1952 (pencil, pen & ink on paper)

Page from 'A Bunch. Poems.' and 'Verses (1929-1951)', inscribed 1952 (pencil, pen & ink on paper)

Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977)

CH2962126

Horse's Head Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead nebula in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light of the Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant star

Horse's Head Nebula (IC 434) in Orion - Horsehead nebula in Orion - The horse's head nebula, Barnard 33, is a dark nebula located in front of the IC 434 emitting nebula about 1500 years - light of the Earth in the constellation Orion. At the bottom left, the nebula NGC 2024 with just above the star Alnitak, a supergiant star belonging to the Baudrier of Orion. Towards the center of the image, a reflexion nebula, NGC 2023. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. This distinctive red emission nebula (IC 434) is the result of radiation from sigma Orionis interacting with the surface of a dusty cloud of gas from which projects the dark shape of the head of a horse. Sigma is the second brightest star in the picture and is at about the same distance from the Sun as the nebula. The brightest star here is zeta Orionis, easily visible to the unaided eye as the easternmost star in the line of three which form Orion's Belt. Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) is a supergiant star

PIX4621983

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1345 in Eridan - Barred Spiral galaxy NGC 1345 in Eridanus - Located about 85 million years ago - light from Earth, NGC 1345 is a barree spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridan. This galaxy belongs to the Eridan galaxy cluster, a group of 70 galaxies. Many galaxies are visible in the background. The spiral galaxy NGC 1345 and its loose and ragged arms dominate this rich image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. It is a member of the Eridanus Galaxy Cluster - - a group of about 70 galaxies that lies 85 million light - years away in the constellation of Eridanus (the River). This region of the night sky is well populated with bright galaxies, with the Fornax Cluster of galaxies also nearby on the celestial sphere, although the two clusters are actually separated by about 20 million light - years. Collectively, they are known as the Fornax Supercluster or the Southern Supercluster. Apart from the main galaxy that dominates the picture, lots more di

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 1345 in Eridan - Barred Spiral galaxy NGC 1345 in Eridanus - Located about 85 million years ago - light from Earth, NGC 1345 is a barree spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridan. This galaxy belongs to the Eridan galaxy cluster, a group of 70 galaxies. Many galaxies are visible in the background. The spiral galaxy NGC 1345 and its loose and ragged arms dominate this rich image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. It is a member of the Eridanus Galaxy Cluster - - a group of about 70 galaxies that lies 85 million light - years away in the constellation of Eridanus (the River). This region of the night sky is well populated with bright galaxies, with the Fornax Cluster of galaxies also nearby on the celestial sphere, although the two clusters are actually separated by about 20 million light - years. Collectively, they are known as the Fornax Supercluster or the Southern Supercluster. Apart from the main galaxy that dominates the picture, lots more di

PIX4609816

Spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegase - Spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegasus: The galaxy NGC 7331 is located about 45 million light years away from Earth. Image obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 7331 is located about 45 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus (The Winged Horse). Facing us partially edge-on, the galaxy showcases it's beautiful arms which swirl like a whirlpool around its bright central region. Astronomers took this image using Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), as they were observing an extraordinary exploding star - a supernova - which can still be faintly seen as a tiny red dot near the galaxy's central yellow core. Named SN2014C, it rapidly evolved from a supernova containing very little Hydrogen to one that is Hydrogen-rich - in just one year. This rarely observed metamorphosis was luminous at high energies and provides unique insight into the poorly understood final phases of massive stars. NGC 7331 is similar in size, shape, and mass to the

Spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegase - Spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegasus: The galaxy NGC 7331 is located about 45 million light years away from Earth. Image obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 7331 is located about 45 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus (The Winged Horse). Facing us partially edge-on, the galaxy showcases it's beautiful arms which swirl like a whirlpool around its bright central region. Astronomers took this image using Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), as they were observing an extraordinary exploding star - a supernova - which can still be faintly seen as a tiny red dot near the galaxy's central yellow core. Named SN2014C, it rapidly evolved from a supernova containing very little Hydrogen to one that is Hydrogen-rich - in just one year. This rarely observed metamorphosis was luminous at high energies and provides unique insight into the poorly understood final phases of massive stars. NGC 7331 is similar in size, shape, and mass to the

PIX4613167

Open cluster of Pleiades seen in infrared - The Pleiades open cluster seen in infrared - Clouds of dust in the Pleiades cluster seen in infrared by the Spitzer space telescope. The Pleiades star cluster contains about 500 stars formed 100 million years ago. It is located 440 light years from Earth, in the constellation Taurus. The Pleiades, located more than 400 light - years away in the Taurus constellation, is a star cluster born when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth, about 100 million years ago. It is significantly younger than our 5 - billion - year - old sun. The brightest members of the cluster, also the highest - mass stars, are known in Greek mythology as two parents, Atlas and Pleione, and their seven daughters, Alcyone, Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Celaeno and Asterope. There are thousands of additional lower - mass members, including many stars like our sun. Some scientists believe that our sun grew up in a crowded region like the Pleiades, before migrating to its present

Open cluster of Pleiades seen in infrared - The Pleiades open cluster seen in infrared - Clouds of dust in the Pleiades cluster seen in infrared by the Spitzer space telescope. The Pleiades star cluster contains about 500 stars formed 100 million years ago. It is located 440 light years from Earth, in the constellation Taurus. The Pleiades, located more than 400 light - years away in the Taurus constellation, is a star cluster born when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth, about 100 million years ago. It is significantly younger than our 5 - billion - year - old sun. The brightest members of the cluster, also the highest - mass stars, are known in Greek mythology as two parents, Atlas and Pleione, and their seven daughters, Alcyone, Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Celaeno and Asterope. There are thousands of additional lower - mass members, including many stars like our sun. Some scientists believe that our sun grew up in a crowded region like the Pleiades, before migrating to its present

PIX4568892

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Lagoon nebula (M8) in Sagittarius - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion Nebula. The Lagoon nebula (M8), can be visible to the unaided eye as a small bright patch above the large Sagittarius star cloud in the Milky Way. The Lagoon nebula is a star - forming region about 5800 light years from us. The nebula is illuminated by several O - type giants within the open cluster NGC 6530 near the center of the nebula. The brightest part of the nebula is known as

Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Lagoon nebula (M8) in Sagittarius - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion Nebula. The Lagoon nebula (M8), can be visible to the unaided eye as a small bright patch above the large Sagittarius star cloud in the Milky Way. The Lagoon nebula is a star - forming region about 5800 light years from us. The nebula is illuminated by several O - type giants within the open cluster NGC 6530 near the center of the nebula. The brightest part of the nebula is known as

R. Gendler

PIX4619656

Open cluster NGC 4755 - Jewel Box - The Jewel Box star cluster - The NGC 4755 cluster is located in the constellation of the Southern Cross at a distance of 6400 years - light from Earth. The bright orange star on the top right is Kappa Crucis, a supergiant red star. This cluster contains about fifty stars formed about 16 million years ago. This close-up of the center of the cluster was obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. This image is a “” close - up 'view from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope of NGC 4755, or the Jewel Box cluster. Several very bright, pale blue supergiant stars, a solitary ruby - red supergiant and a variety of other brilliantly coloured stars are visible in the image, as well as many much fainter ones, often with intriguing colours. The huge variety in brightness exists because the brighter stars are 15 to 20 times the mass of the Sun, while the dimmest stars are less than half the mass of the Sun. This is the first image of an open galactic cluster with im

Open cluster NGC 4755 - Jewel Box - The Jewel Box star cluster - The NGC 4755 cluster is located in the constellation of the Southern Cross at a distance of 6400 years - light from Earth. The bright orange star on the top right is Kappa Crucis, a supergiant red star. This cluster contains about fifty stars formed about 16 million years ago. This close-up of the center of the cluster was obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. This image is a “” close - up 'view from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope of NGC 4755, or the Jewel Box cluster. Several very bright, pale blue supergiant stars, a solitary ruby - red supergiant and a variety of other brilliantly coloured stars are visible in the image, as well as many much fainter ones, often with intriguing colours. The huge variety in brightness exists because the brighter stars are 15 to 20 times the mass of the Sun, while the dimmest stars are less than half the mass of the Sun. This is the first image of an open galactic cluster with im

PIX4568246

The Scapegoat, 1854-55 (oil on canvas)

The Scapegoat, 1854-55 (oil on canvas)

Hunt, William Holman (1827-1910)

MAN62950

Spiral galaxy NGC 1566 in the bream - The Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566: NGC 1566 is a spiral galaxy located about 40 million light years ago. Its core is very bright. It is an active galaxy called Seyfert, which probably houses a black hole in its heart. Image obtained with the Hubble telescope - NGC 1566 is a galaxy located approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation of Dorado (The Dolphinfish). NGC 1566 is an intermediate spiral galaxy, meaning that while it does not have a well defined bar-shaped region of stars at its centre - like barred spirals - it is not quite an unbarred spiral either (heic9902o). The small but extremely bright nucleus of NGC 1566 is clearly visible in this image, a telltale sign of its membership of the Seyfert class of galaxies. The centres of such galaxies are very active and luminous, emitting strong bursts of radiation and potentially harbouring supermassive black holes that are many millions of times the mass of the Sun. NGC 1566 is not jus

Spiral galaxy NGC 1566 in the bream - The Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1566: NGC 1566 is a spiral galaxy located about 40 million light years ago. Its core is very bright. It is an active galaxy called Seyfert, which probably houses a black hole in its heart. Image obtained with the Hubble telescope - NGC 1566 is a galaxy located approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation of Dorado (The Dolphinfish). NGC 1566 is an intermediate spiral galaxy, meaning that while it does not have a well defined bar-shaped region of stars at its centre - like barred spirals - it is not quite an unbarred spiral either (heic9902o). The small but extremely bright nucleus of NGC 1566 is clearly visible in this image, a telltale sign of its membership of the Seyfert class of galaxies. The centres of such galaxies are very active and luminous, emitting strong bursts of radiation and potentially harbouring supermassive black holes that are many millions of times the mass of the Sun. NGC 1566 is not jus

PIX4609939

Centaurus A elliptical galaxy (NGC 5128) in the Centaurus - Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) - The galaxy NGC 5128 is located about 13 million years away from Earth. This Giant Galaxy is a powerful radio source known as Centaurus A. It is an active galaxy whose energy comes from a supermassive black hole. This image obtained by the Kueyen telescope of the VLT in Chile on 1 February 2000 shows the star flames that occur in the dark band of the galaxy. Centaurus A is one of the foremost examples of a radio - loud active galactic nucleus (AGN). On images obtained at optical wavelengths, thick dust layers almost completely obscure the galaxy's centre. Until 1949, NGC 5128 was thought to be a strange object in the Milky Way, but it was then identified as a powerful radio galaxy and designated Centaurus A. The distance is about 10 - 13 million light - years (3 - 4 Mpc) and the apparent visual magnitude is about 8, or 5 times too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. There is strong evidence th

Centaurus A elliptical galaxy (NGC 5128) in the Centaurus - Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) - The galaxy NGC 5128 is located about 13 million years away from Earth. This Giant Galaxy is a powerful radio source known as Centaurus A. It is an active galaxy whose energy comes from a supermassive black hole. This image obtained by the Kueyen telescope of the VLT in Chile on 1 February 2000 shows the star flames that occur in the dark band of the galaxy. Centaurus A is one of the foremost examples of a radio - loud active galactic nucleus (AGN). On images obtained at optical wavelengths, thick dust layers almost completely obscure the galaxy's centre. Until 1949, NGC 5128 was thought to be a strange object in the Milky Way, but it was then identified as a powerful radio galaxy and designated Centaurus A. The distance is about 10 - 13 million light - years (3 - 4 Mpc) and the apparent visual magnitude is about 8, or 5 times too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. There is strong evidence th

PIX4612179

Planetary nebula Helix (NGC 7293) in Aquarius - Planetary nebula Helix (NGC 7293) - This nebula is located 450 years - light from Earth. Image obtained by a 50 cm telescope, 42 poses of 15 minutes accumulated. Located in the constellation of Aquarius, the Helix is our closest planetary nebula at only 450 light years distance. It is so close that it can be telescopically seen shifting one side to the other in front of the more distant background stars as the earth moves around the sun - a phenomenon called parallax. Parallax measurements are used to trigonometrically deduce distance between an object in space and the earth. A planetary nebula results when a red giant star, near the ends of it's productive life, sheds its outer layers into space and creates a breathtaking shell of surrounding gas that early visual astronomers likened to the disks of planets. This planetary spans approximately 1.5 light years and is still expanding. The name associated with the Helix is derived from the c

Planetary nebula Helix (NGC 7293) in Aquarius - Planetary nebula Helix (NGC 7293) - This nebula is located 450 years - light from Earth. Image obtained by a 50 cm telescope, 42 poses of 15 minutes accumulated. Located in the constellation of Aquarius, the Helix is our closest planetary nebula at only 450 light years distance. It is so close that it can be telescopically seen shifting one side to the other in front of the more distant background stars as the earth moves around the sun - a phenomenon called parallax. Parallax measurements are used to trigonometrically deduce distance between an object in space and the earth. A planetary nebula results when a red giant star, near the ends of it's productive life, sheds its outer layers into space and creates a breathtaking shell of surrounding gas that early visual astronomers likened to the disks of planets. This planetary spans approximately 1.5 light years and is still expanding. The name associated with the Helix is derived from the c

R. Jay GaBany

PIX4623639

Star Birth in Scorpio - Stellar nursery in Scorpius - RCW 120 is a star-forming region about 4200 years from Earth in the constellation Scorpio. In the center a hot and massive star emits powerful ultraviolet radiation, which ionize the surrounding gas, tearing off electrons from the hydrogen atoms and producing the characteristic red glow of H - alpha emissions. As this ionized region extends into space, the associated shock wave meets the surrounding cold interstellar gas and cosmic dust. This gas becomes unstable and collapses under its own gravite forming dense, cold clouds or new stars will be born. These very cold clouds (- 250 degres Celsius) can only be detected in submillimetre wavelength; they appear here in blue thanks to the data obtained by the APEX telescope which observes this radiation. Illustrating the power of submillimetre - wavelength astronomy, an APEX image reveals how an expanding bubble of ionised gas about ten light - years across is causing the surrounding mat

Star Birth in Scorpio - Stellar nursery in Scorpius - RCW 120 is a star-forming region about 4200 years from Earth in the constellation Scorpio. In the center a hot and massive star emits powerful ultraviolet radiation, which ionize the surrounding gas, tearing off electrons from the hydrogen atoms and producing the characteristic red glow of H - alpha emissions. As this ionized region extends into space, the associated shock wave meets the surrounding cold interstellar gas and cosmic dust. This gas becomes unstable and collapses under its own gravite forming dense, cold clouds or new stars will be born. These very cold clouds (- 250 degres Celsius) can only be detected in submillimetre wavelength; they appear here in blue thanks to the data obtained by the APEX telescope which observes this radiation. Illustrating the power of submillimetre - wavelength astronomy, an APEX image reveals how an expanding bubble of ionised gas about ten light - years across is causing the surrounding mat

PIX4621694

View of the nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 light years, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion nebula - The Lagoon nebula (M8), can be visible to the unaided eye as a small bright patch above the large Sagittarius star cloud in the Milky Way. The Lagoon nebula is a star-forming region about 5800 light years from us. The nebula is illuminated by several O-type giants within the open cluster NGC 6530 near the center of the nebula. The brightest part of the nebula is known as the “hourglass nebula”” and its gases are excited primarily by two massive O-type superg

View of the nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 light years, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible in the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion nebula - The Lagoon nebula (M8), can be visible to the unaided eye as a small bright patch above the large Sagittarius star cloud in the Milky Way. The Lagoon nebula is a star-forming region about 5800 light years from us. The nebula is illuminated by several O-type giants within the open cluster NGC 6530 near the center of the nebula. The brightest part of the nebula is known as the “hourglass nebula”” and its gases are excited primarily by two massive O-type superg

R. Gendler

PIX4619585

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 4394 in Berenice's Hair - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 4394 in Coma Berenices: NGC 4394 is a barree spiral galaxy located in the Virgin's cluster about 55 million light years from Earth. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) - Discovered in 1784 by the German-British astronomer William Herschel, NGC 4394 is a barred spiral galaxy situated about 55 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy lies in the constellation of Coma Berenices (Berenice's Hair), and is considered to be a member of the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4394 is the archetypal barred spiral galaxy, with bright spiral arms emerging from the ends of a bar that cuts through the galaxy's central bulge. These arms are peppered with young blue stars, dark filaments of cosmic dust, and bright, fuzzy regions of active star formation. At the centre of NGC 4394 lies a region of ionised gas known as a LINER. Liners are active regions that display a characteristic set of emission lines in their spectra- mostl

Barree spiral galaxy NGC 4394 in Berenice's Hair - Barred spiral galaxy NGC 4394 in Coma Berenices: NGC 4394 is a barree spiral galaxy located in the Virgin's cluster about 55 million light years from Earth. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) - Discovered in 1784 by the German-British astronomer William Herschel, NGC 4394 is a barred spiral galaxy situated about 55 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy lies in the constellation of Coma Berenices (Berenice's Hair), and is considered to be a member of the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4394 is the archetypal barred spiral galaxy, with bright spiral arms emerging from the ends of a bar that cuts through the galaxy's central bulge. These arms are peppered with young blue stars, dark filaments of cosmic dust, and bright, fuzzy regions of active star formation. At the centre of NGC 4394 lies a region of ionised gas known as a LINER. Liners are active regions that display a characteristic set of emission lines in their spectra- mostl

PIX4611351

Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog - Sirius A and Sirius B seen in X - ray - Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog seen in X-ray by the Chandra telescope. The brightest source on this image is Sirius B, a white dwarf star whose surface, heated at a temperature of 25,000 degres, emits huge X-rays. The other point is Sirius A, the brightest star in the sky in visible light, but practically non-existent in this wavelength. An X - ray image of the Sirius star system located 8.6 light years from Earth. This image shows two sources and a spike - like pattern due to the support structure for the transmission grating. The bright source is Sirius B, a white dwarf star that has a surface temperature of about 25,000 degrees Celsius which produces very low energy X - rays. The dim source at the position of Sirius A, a normal star more than twice as massive as the Sun, may be due to ultraviolet radiation from Sirius A leaking through the filter on the detector. In contrast, Sirius A is the brighte

Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog - Sirius A and Sirius B seen in X - ray - Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog seen in X-ray by the Chandra telescope. The brightest source on this image is Sirius B, a white dwarf star whose surface, heated at a temperature of 25,000 degres, emits huge X-rays. The other point is Sirius A, the brightest star in the sky in visible light, but practically non-existent in this wavelength. An X - ray image of the Sirius star system located 8.6 light years from Earth. This image shows two sources and a spike - like pattern due to the support structure for the transmission grating. The bright source is Sirius B, a white dwarf star that has a surface temperature of about 25,000 degrees Celsius which produces very low energy X - rays. The dim source at the position of Sirius A, a normal star more than twice as massive as the Sun, may be due to ultraviolet radiation from Sirius A leaking through the filter on the detector. In contrast, Sirius A is the brighte

PIX4571724

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