Chemical Industries, Distillation Woodall-Duckham (Woodall Duckham) continuous tar distillation plant (maquette d'une usine de distillation...

Chemical Industries, Distillation Woodall-Duckham (Woodall Duckham) continuous tar distillation plant (maquette d'une usine de distillation du goudron de houille), c 1956. Model (scale: unknown). From 1812, the coal gas industry expanded rapidly with the result that large quantities of coal tar accumulated, which had no known use. In 1819, Macintosh discovered that the tar contained ammonia and naptha, which could respectively be used to make a dye and to dissolve rubber in a process for waterproofing cloth. It was not until 1846 that a full investigation of the constituents of coal tar was carried out by Mansfield, who was fatally burned during the work. From this, the coal tar distillation industry developed, producing a large range of chemicals with industrial uses, including benzene, napthalene and phenol. Complex plant was developed, such as this example which separates the components of the acid fraction of the tar. ©SSPL/Science Museum